The People's Revolution as a Religious and Moral Upheaval: the Influence of the Philosophical Teachings of L.N. Tolstoy on the Artistic Consciousness of A.A. Blok

The research examines the transformation of the artistic worldview of A.A. Blok from the aesthetics of symbolism and “pure art” to the acceptance of people’s truth and understanding of the need to express the aspirations of the people, clearly manifested in the revolutionary events of the early 20th century. It is shown that this happened largely under the influence of the late philosophical works of L.N. Tolstoy. The research proves that the key images of Blok’s work during the revolutionary period go back to Tolstoy’s late literary works, primarily to the novel “Resurrection”. Tolstoy, in his last novel of the 19th century, exposed the inconsistency of the existing way of life and decisively destroyed the illusion of the possibility of a just structure of society outside the divine law of compassionate love. At the same time, Tolstoy recognized the need for a radical change in society, but understood this change not as a political act, not as a social transformation, but as a deep religious and moral upheaval that changed the entire way of life of the people. Following Tolstoy, Blok believes that this upheaval is completely analogous to the transformation of life that took place during the birth of Christianity and was caused by the advent of Jesus Christ. That is why the image of Christ and reflections on this image become important for Blok’s work of the revolutionary era. The New Christ, about whom Blok is thinking, must become the initiator, the “leader” of a religious upheaval, but only the people can be its driving force. This idea was expressed in the poem “The Twelve,” in the finale of which Jesus Christ walks at the head of a detachment of Red Army soldiers. In Blok’s work after 1905, the chamber and intimacy of his artistic space are finally overcome, the lyrical hero discovers a wide world full of drama and contradictions. The image of a suffering people walking along their Calvary path and ready for revolution becomes central to the poet’s work, and it is certainly inspired by images characteristic of Tolstoy’s late work.