No 4 (2023)

The article deals with the cognitive functions of methodological constructs in fundamental physics. The author proceeds from the fact that such universal means of cognition as a scientific picture of the world, a scientific paradigm, a research program, etc. should be considered as methodological constructs. The nature of these constructs is such that in the bosom of the methodology of science they are formed only in the mature state of scientific knowledge, turn of the 19-20th centuries. The generation of diverse scientific theories and other forms of scientific knowledge (principles, axioms, laws, concepts, etc.) led to the need for generalized means of knowledge, starting with scientific pictures of the world. Methodological constructs are difficult to define strictly, but they help to realize the human desire to see unity in diversity, build some generalized view of the diversity of fractal natural objects, and use the accumulated body of knowledge as a methodology for further scientific research. The epistemological role of methodological constructs is extremely significant for revealing not only the dynamics of the historical development of physics, but also its current state. The author concludes about the fundamental value of the diversity of methodological constructs in understanding their role in the philosophy of physics and in the development of the most fundamental theoretical physics.

What are space and time? What do elementary particles and elements of the periodic table have in common? These and other equally intriguing questions are discussed in this interview with Professor of Siberian State industrial University Vadim Varlamov.

The article is included in the discussion that has unfolded in the scientific community about the reality or non-reality of time. The grounds and reasons for posing the problem of the unreality of time are revealed. The multifaceted nature of the problem is shown - the interweaving of physical, social, philosophical components. The idea of the inevitability of the formation of a non-traditional interpretation of time in the light of new scientific and philosophical ideas is supported. The idea of the illusion of time is usually related to the interpretation of time in quantum physics. Naturally, the question arises: is time universal or local, and what is the status of physical time in philosophical teachings about time. It is shown that a number of arguments are put forward in favor of the idea of the unreality of time, the fact of belief in the reality of time, the lowering of the status of the concept of time in theoretical physics, the development of the relational paradigm in physics, doubts about the fundamental position about the relationship between time and change. The idea of polytemporality and contextuality of time in society is proposed. It is shown that within the framework of the dynamic concept of time there is no possibility of local unreal time.

Until recently, there was one unsolved riddle regarding the logic that Lobachevsky followed when creating his non-Euclidean (hyperbolic) geometry. This article shows that such a logic is implicitly present in him, and it coincides with the logic already formed now, called complementary-dialectical logic. This logic stems from Heidegger’s fundamental ontology. In the field of the geometric discipline of thought, complementary-dialectical logic makes it possible to combine the historical and logical aspects of the genesis of Lobachevsky’s geometry. Allows us to understand how and why imaginary points appear on a hyperbolic line, how they are related to points at infinity, etc. constructing a geometric picture of the world as part of the overall scientific picture.

The article attempted to define the concept of “information,” based not on the observed properties of information, but on physical ideas about the nature of information processes. We considered questions about why information is needed, how new information arises, where and how it is stored, how information is exchanged between complex systems, and what knowledge is from an information point of view. The mechanisms for the emergence of knowledge in humans and the role of the subconscious in this process are discussed.

The article shows that the quantum paradigm makes it possible to break the deadlock of the free will problem of Laplacian determinism, since the phase trajectory of a quantum object has ramification points. The key point in the quantum approach is the introduction into consideration of the extraphysical Self, which observes the contents of consciousness, which are a reflection of the information processes occurring in the brain. At the same time, the contents of consciousness are connected both with the actual invironment and with the world of potential capabilities of a living being. It is pointed out that this connection of consciousness with the timeless world of potential possibilities of the Universe which should be considered as the Kantian region of the transcendental and the “chessboard” within which living beings make a free choice of their actions. It is shown that the quantum approach to the problem of freedom and consciousness allows us to explain the non-algorithmic nature of human thinking.