Изучение использования генеративного искусственного интеллекта студентами университетов: систематический обзор литературы

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Постановка проблемы . Искусственный интеллект (ИИ) меняет практики в различных областях деятельности, включая образование. Появление ChatGPT привело к заметным сдвигам в среде высшего образования, где стремительно распространяются различные инструменты генеративного ИИ. Использование студентами вузов этих инструментов изучено явно недостаточно. Устранение этого пробела имеет решающее значение для формирования целостного понимания роли генеративного ИИ в высшем образовании. Учитывая стремительное и зачастую неконтролируемое внедрение инструментов генеративного ИИ в студенческую среду, необходимо провести систематический обзор литературы для синтеза существующих знаний. Методология . В данном исследовании представлен систематический обзор литературы, основанный на принципах PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) и включавший три ключевых этапа: разработка стратегии поиска, отбор исследований, анализ данных и синтез результатов. Материалы для исследования собраны из двух баз данных: Google Scholar и Lens. Эти базы были выбраны за их полноту и доступность, что обеспечивало комплексный сбор соответствующей литературы по использованию ИИ в высшем образовании. Данные были проанализированы качественно: к статьям, полученным из Google Scholar, были применены априори и апостериори коды. Для более глубокого анализа выбранных статей выявлялись повторяющиеся паттерны. Результаты . Из первоначального количества 620 статей на основе заранее определенных критериев были выбраны 42 статьи. Основные способы использования генеративного ИИ, выявленные в проанализированных статьях, обобщены и представлены в виде таблицы. Заключение . Обнаруженные различия в использовании студентами генеративного ИИ в зависимости от их уровня компетентности показывают, что инструменты генеративного ИИ потенциально могут увеличить разрыв между более и менее компетентными учащимися. Исходя из этого, необходимо соблюдать баланс, когда практики использования генеративного ИИ сопровождаются практиками формирования критического мышления.

Об авторах

Анна Эдуардовна Корчак

Высшая школа экономики

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: aekorchak@hse.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6007-3098

стажер-исследователь, Центр социологии высшего образования, Институт образования

Российская Федерация, 101000, Москва, ул. Мясницкая, д. 20

Евгений Дмитриевич Патаракин

Высшая школа экономики; Московский городской педагогический университет

Email: patarakined@mgpu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1216-5043
SPIN-код: 7044-4695

доктор педагогических наук, доцент, профессор департамента информатики, управления и технологий, Институт цифрового образования, Московский городской педагогический университет; профессор департамента образовательных программ, Институт образования, Высшая школа экономики

Российская Федерация, 129226, Москва, 2-й Сельскохозяйственный проезд, д. 4, корп. 1; Российская Федерация, 101000, Москва, ул. Мясницкая, д. 20

Джейми Костли

Университет Объединенных Арабских Эмиратов

Email: jcostley@uaeu.ac.ae
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1685-3863

PhD, доцент Колледжа образования

Объединенные Арабские Эмираты, 15551, Аль-Айн, ул. Шейх Халифа бин Заид, д. Н1

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© Корчак А.Э., Патаракин Е.Д., Костли Д., 2025

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