Vol 30, No 3 (2022): Global Economy: Actual Problems

EDITORIAL ARTICLE

Change management for sustainable business development in the conditions of pandemic and COVID-19 crisis: Сase experience of Russia and France

Popkova E.G., Abrashitov R.K.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the experience of change management for sustainable business development in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and crisis in Russia and France. It uses a sample of 94 publicly traded French healthcare companies in 2021 to model change management for sustainable business development in France during the COVID-19 pandemic and crisis. Based on OECD and WIPO statistics for 2019-2021 and the trend analysis method monitors the practical experience of change management for sustainable business development in Russia and France in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and crisis. Based on the 2020-2021 survey materials. the case experience of Russian business in managing change in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and crisis is being studied. The contribution of the article to the literature is to identify, using the example of Russia and France, a new (alternative) - socially-oriented approach to managing changes in business, based on corporate social responsibility.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2022;30(3):259-291
pages 259-291 views

MANAGEMENT

Relationship between empowerment and leadership in the economy

Danov D., Tileva I.

Abstract

There are various theories about how a leader should behave and what are the characteristics of a leader in the context of the modern economic world and business. The question of how actually an individual becomes a leader is of interest to many people. Very often the word “leader” is used as an equivalent of a person gaining power in a particular structure or organization. Аlso the words „leader“ and „manager“ are often misused as synonyms. Тhere is a big difference between the two concepts. Мanager in the economic world can take a position as a continuation of personal and professional qualities which will elevate him in the structural hierarchy. Also, manager could be chosen for the position by external factors. In both cases, this is not a matter of choice of the group. If the manager has leadership qualities, he could be recognized by the group later, but he could also be rejected. Placing a certain individual, who is not chosen by the group, in a leading role is a subject of analysis. An experiment with students is conducted so to prove the hypothesis. The experiment aims to determine whether there is a connection between empowerment and leadership, fundamentally distinguishing the fact that empowerment does not presumably make the individual leader. For the purposes of the experiment, fictional information about a non-existent country is provided. In this way, a simulation environment is created. Each student has own task and must defend own draft budget in a discussion. The simulation aims to observe not mostly the success of defending own draft budget, but the behavior and unconscious leadership skills of the participants.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2022;30(3):292-303
pages 292-303 views

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL TRENDS: POST-COVID-19 DEVELOPMENT

The COVID-19 pandemic and China’s health care system: Current impact and long-term prospects

Gubina M.A., Terenteva D.V.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic is a real crisis for global and national economies and health systems around the world. It has already taken many lives, and many people are still complaining about the consequences of being infected with this virus. The pandemic has demonstrated the weaknesses of national health systems - the unpreparedness for emergencies and their rapid prevention. These problems were expressed in the inability to detect the threat early, overloaded medical facilities, acute shortage of personal protective equipment and personnel. Nevertheless, the success of China in the fight against the virus, expressed in effective containment tactics, as well as in the reduction of COVID-19 incidence in the country, cannot be overlooked. The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the PRC health care system and its medical reforms. Since 2012, large-scale reforms have been carried out in China to achieve a “basic healthcare system with Chinese features.” Universal health coverage is extremely important because it helps, in addition to equality, to achieve financial well-being for citizens and economic development for the country. The following results were obtained: despite the abundance of negative consequences for the economy and health of citizens, the pandemic contributed to the successful implementation of information technologies in health care; had a positive impact on the relationship between Chinese doctors and patients (which has been in deep crisis for a long time); became the reason for China’s leadership in the world vaccine market for the first time in history. Thus, we can conclude about the dual impact of COVID-19 on the industry. The pandemic has already led to a number of significant changes, and now another wave of infections is hampering reform goals, including the Healthy China 2030 program, which will affect the health and wellbeing of 1.4 billion Chinese, but making long-term predictions in an ever-changing environment is impossible. As practice has shown, initial success in combating the disease is not enough: plans to recover from one health crisis have been replaced by yet another plan to fight the new wave of COVID-19.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2022;30(3):304-316
pages 304-316 views

The influence of the digitalization factor on the formation and development of human capital in developing countries

Mamakhatov T.M., Mallah J.M.

Abstract

As developing countries especially in Africa continues to lag behind in their human capital development pursuit in this era of digitalisation, it is necessary to look at the level of influence on digitalisation factors for the formation and development of human capital. Part of this is to look at the critical involvement of digitalisation access in developing countries in Africa. At the end it is necessary to envisage recommendation that can bolster their abilities to succeed due to high investment in these key factors. The research objectives aim at a broad analysis of the influence of the digitalization factor on the formation and development of human capital in developing looking at the relationship between digitalisation and skill development in the context of 14 developing countries. We have used the Kendall’s correlation coefficient (tau-b) to test the association of the variables relating to EDI ranking and Human Capital Development in other to analyse the relationship between variables. The research result shows that Human Capital Index (HCI) and EDI ranking have negative correlation. In any case if the Human Capital of the fourteen (14) developing countries are reached the Electronic Data Interchange ranking will still decrease. The article is concluded with recommendation that developing countries should invest in human capital especially in digital skills and create the atmosphere required for digital access to their citizen in a bid to adopt digital transformation whilst building the human capital development of the people.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2022;30(3):317-328
pages 317-328 views

Reaction of African stocks markets to disequilibrium episodes of the COVID-19 infection: Evidence from the top hit African countries

Mamman S.O., Iliyasu J., Sanusi A.R.

Abstract

The continued COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the global economy, with countries battling to contain the infection’s spread as it continues to affect nearly every country in the globe. We test for possible explosive behavior (excessive disequilibrium) in COVID-19 infection in the top African impacted economies, given the sensitivity and fragility of stock markets to shocks. The study identifies two (2) separate explosive occurrences in Algeria and Egypt using the Generalized Sup Augmented DickeyFuller (GSADF) test. Furthermore, the study examines the influence of the COVID-19 infection’s explosive behavior on the stock markets of the countries, taking into consideration the disequilibrium occurrences. The COVID-19 infection’s explosive behavior had a negative but insignificant effect on stock returns, leading to an increase in riskiness. This outcome could be explained by the fact that the explosive incidents were transitory and could only have had a momentary impact on stock market returns absorbable overtime. More so, it suggests that investors may have adjusted to the shock of the COVID-19 infection prior to the two explosive occurrences, and that the development of the COVID-19 vaccine reassures for a near halt to the pandemic.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2022;30(3):329-342
pages 329-342 views

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Cross-border trade in energy resources: Features of the Central Asian region

Korneev K.A., Pechishcheva L.A.

Abstract

The article is related to the role and place of the Central Asian region in a cross-border energy resources trade at present stage. On the one hand, there are two countries in Asia, which are in the list of the world’s largest importers of energy resources - India and China. On the other hand, the Central Asian countries (with the exception of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) and Russia are net energy exporters, herewith this kind of export is all-important for their macroeconomic stability. It is not surprising that the problems of organizing mutually beneficial trade in energy resources throughout the Central Asian region are among the most urgent issues for all interested parties’ agenda. So, the analysis and assessment of the energy component of cooperation between the Russia, Central Asian states, China and India lies in the focus of the article. Of course, India is not directly integrated into the energy architecture of the Central Asian space, but its large domestic market is one of the drivers of energy supplies growth. Therefore, it is advisable to consider India as an external actor that has a significant impact on the ongoing processes. Current practice of multilateral participation shaping the energy dialogue can also have a great importance in the geopolitical context - as a factor of either additional cohesion or increasing contradictions in the given region.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2022;30(3):343-357
pages 343-357 views

The foreign trade potential of the North African countries in the field of agriculture and food

Al-Hamati M.A.

Abstract

The North African region is a market with a great potential for foreign supplies, the capacity of which makes it possible to increase Russian agricultural exports more than twice. The article analyzes the place of the agricultural sector of the North African countries in the economy of the countries of this region, its foreign trade potential; identifies the most promising areas of Russian trade relations in this area. Promising positions for this direction are cereals, soybean oil and soybeans, sunflower oil, frozen fish, confectionery products. In addition, the taste preferences of residents of African countries allow for the supply of a number of types of meat products, such as dark poultry meat and meat offal, which can become a good alternative for Russian producers to export to Asian countries. The conclusion is made about the profitability and prospects of cooperation in the agro-food sector for Russia with the countries of North Africa.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2022;30(3):358-370
pages 358-370 views

REGIONAL ECONOMY

Sustainability qua maxim of Russia’s electronics industry

Nezhnikova E.V., Kopylov D.A.

Abstract

Electronics industry in Russia is an example of how inefficient old approaches to production can be. In XXI century, most companies have abandoned integrated device manufacturing, thus separating design and production. The main goal of this article is to analyze prospects for development of electronics in Russia with Government strategy being a huge supporting factor. Worldwide deficit of semiconductors, worsened by COVID-19, together with export sanctions imposed upon this country put a strain on both national fabless companies and IDMs, depriving them from future growth and undermining their stability. The authors employ induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, analogy, and description, basing their work on scientific papers of the Russian and world economists as well as tech specialists. Government strategy and increased financial support may generate positive impact and assist existing foundries. However, the cherished goal of reducing dependency on market leaders (which is coveted by many nations) cannot be achieved as most producers stand in a long line before they can purchase equipment for their foundries. Therefore, the best-case scenario implies second-hand lithography systems from manufacturers wishing to upgrade. This is sufficient for sustainable development of microcontrollers but hinders high-tech aspirations of fabless companies in Russia. At the same time this issue is not limited to Russia alone - many countries have realized the need for production localization and changed their focus from either self-reliance or import substitution to partnership with leading foundries.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2022;30(3):371-382
pages 371-382 views

Formation a methodology of integral assessment for regional economic entities’ level of financial stability

Mitrofanov E.P., Kulagina A.G., Antipova T.V., Solodova E.A.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of existing domestic and foreign methods for assessing the probability of bankruptcy of organizations in the region. When assessing the financial stability of the entity’s enterprises, various methods are used to assess the financial stability of an organization, the most common approach of which is the coefficient method. However, methods that use factor analysis, which builds a linear dependence of indicators of the financial and economic condition of a regional subject, are gaining popularity. These models are also called bankruptcy prediction models. One of the most popular models is Altman’s five-factor forecasting model and the four-factor model for non-manufacturing organizations. Altman’s approach is simple and versatile. However, this Altman model does not take into account the individuality of the company. British scientists G. Tishaw and R. Taffler modernized Altman’s model. One of the first Russian models for predicting the bankruptcy of economic entities was developed by A.Yu. Davydova and A.Yu. Belikov. This model took into account the relationship between such factors as working and equity capital, assets, net profit, cost and revenue. The following model, showing the financial stability of an enterprise, was formulated by Savitskaya. From the analysis of existing methods and models for assessing the financial and economic condition of regional economic entities, it follows that it is advisable to build a model taking into account: firstly, the individual characteristics of a particular organization; secondly, the choice of indicators and their weighting coefficients in the model must be scientifically justified. Therefore, the paper proposes to determine the financial stability of an organization in the region to form a model that includes the most commonly used in practice, namely the above five models for assessing the probability of bankruptcy of enterprises. At the same time, the industry specifics of organizations were taken into account. The purpose of the study is to form a methodology for assessing the integral level of financial stability of organizations in the region and determining the possible boundaries of its variation. In the course of the study, such methods as comparative, component and factor analysis, experiment were used. The paper presents a methodology for the formation of a generalized factor model for assessing the level of financial condition of regional organizations. The critical values of the integral indicator characterizing the level of financial condition of organizations are also determined.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2022;30(3):383-401
pages 383-401 views

Leading Russian companies on the world steel market

Chusmakaev R.M.

Abstract

Metallurgical industry, is the 3rd most important branch of heavy industry in Russia and refers to the basic branch of the economy. In particular, ferrous metallurgy is a strategically important unit in the metallurgical complex and plays a critical role in shaping the sustainable development of the state as a whole, along with such industries as the oil and gas industry. Russian ferrous metallurgy market, is a leader in production efficiency, as well as production with the lowest CO2 emissions, which is one of the main competitive advantages of the industry, especially with the introduction of carbon duties and the global trend to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The steel industry has a great demand from a large number of consumers: machine building, metalworking, construction, railway production, aircraft industry, shipbuilding and many others.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2022;30(3):402-413
pages 402-413 views

Digital economy in the Republic of Belarus: Current trends, challenges and prospects

Goloventchik G.G.

Abstract

In recent years, particular interest has been risen by digital economy as well as information and communication technologies which have given it unprecedented acceleration in the last decade. Among other things, this is due to the high export potential of the ICT sector. Currently Belarus is standing steadily in the global labour division among the countries which develop excellent software. The analysis of literary sources on the problems of the development of the Belarusian segment of digital economy confirms that, despite a certain clarification of this issue, a lot of points in this area require further research in accordance with the demands of the modern economy. The theoretical and practical significance of revealing the features of the development of the digital economy in the Republic of Belarus, as well as the incomplete study and incompleteness of a comprehensive analysis of its functioning and immediate prospects in modern international economic relations make the subject of the research topical. The article reveals the features of the functioning of digital economy in the Republic of Belarus, analyzes ICT services export volume dynamics, traces the history of the creation and evolution of the High Technology Park, reviews the results of monitoring separate industrial enterprises, and determines the immediate prospects for the development of the Belarusian digital economy. The methodological basis of the study is the use of general scientific approaches - systematic and integrated, analysis and synthesis methods, as well as comparative and economic-statistical analysis methods, the method of graphic images. The information base of the study consists of statistical materials of the National Statistical Committee and the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus as well as the High Technologies Park data.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2022;30(3):414-428
pages 414-428 views

World trends of entrepreneurship development in the conditions of digital transformation of the economy of the Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republic

Angelina I.A., Tkachuk P.Y.

Abstract

Today, digitalization has become one of the key factors in socio-economic development. It covers reproduction, science, public administration and entrepreneurship itself. Considering the conditions for the formation of the economic space of the Lugansk People’s Republic, scientists face difficult tasks of finding solutions to the digital transformation of the socioeconomic system of the Republic for full integration into the economic space of the countries of strategic partners. The presented article attempts to systematically analyze the development of the phenomenon of entrepreneurship in the context of the digitalization of the economies of the world’s leading countries. The study compares the simplicity of entrepreneurial activity between countries of the world, assesses the ability of countries to ensure a high level of wellbeing of their citizens and determines the level of economic freedom and the state of the country’s entrepreneurial ecosystem in a local and international context. Evaluation of digital development processes is carried out using an aggregated index of the network state, which characterizes technology, people, management and the level of network development of the studied group of countries. Based on the conclusions made, the main characteristics of the directions for the development of entrepreneurship in the context of the digital transformation of the Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republic are proposed and substantiated.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2022;30(3):429-442
pages 429-442 views

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