Vol 28, No 1 (2020)

INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION MARKETS

Technical efficiency of smallholder honey farmers in Jimma zone, Ethiopia

Legesse H., Bekele Y., Bayissa M., Lemma T.

Abstract

This study analyzes technical efficiency and determinants of the efficiency of honey production in the Gomma and Gera districts of the Jimma zone. The data were obtained from 194 randomly selected honey-producing smallholder farmers. A Cobb - Douglas stochastic frontier production analysis with the inefficiency effect model was used to estimate technical efficiency and identify the determinants of efficiency variations among honey farmers. The study showed that several hives and supplementary feeds positively and significantly influenced honey yield. This shows that there is room to increase honey productivity from the current level if farmers can efficiently use these input variables. The result further showed that there were differences in technical efficiency among honey producers in the study area. The discrepancy ratio, γ, which measures the relative deviation of output from the frontier level due to inefficiency, was about 84%. This implies that about 84% of the variation in honey output among the farmers was attributed to technical inefficiency effects. The estimated mean level of technical efficiency of honey producers was about 74%. This reveals that there is a possibility to increase the level of honey output by about 26% through exploiting the existing local practices and technical knowledge of the relatively efficient farmers. The education level of the farmer, landholding, income, extension contact, and training were found to determine technical efficiency significantly. Therefore, the concerned sector should focus on the above variables to enhance the technical efficiency of honey producers in the study area.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2020;28(1):7-22
pages 7-22 views

Assessing methodology of banks' ratings and their competitive positions: overview of main rating agencies

Grigorieva E.M., Vukovic D.

Abstract

This paper analyzes methodologies of credit rating assessment of major rating agencies, with the focus on Fitch Ratings (Fitch). The methodology data were collected from Fitch Ratings. Also, the article review international literacy for factors and indicators adequacy in rating assessments. The purpose of this research is to overview literacy for the primary methodologies of banks' credit rating assessment. It was explained that ratios from financial indicators are most important for credit rating assessment. In some cases, in sovereign countries, support and macroeconomic factors are significant. We concluded that this area is still not enough researched and that in the future, the number of studies will appear with different methodological proposals and improvements.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2020;28(1):23-30
pages 23-30 views

Features of the process of transnationalization of bank capital and its implications for host economies

Petrov N.A., Abramov D.V.

Abstract

The emergence of new factors affecting the dynamics of the number of branches of national banks, stricter financial policies of national economies aimed at controlling the performance of financing operations by transnational financial institutions, increasing the range of services provided by transnational banks are currently contributing to a change in the strategy for realizing the economic interests of transnational banks. It is economically inexpedient to compete with transnational banks of developed economies for banks in developing countries. The options for promoting their services and gaining market share can be the search for a certain category of customers who can’t afford the services of international banks, as well as the conclusion of transactions for joint project financing of the largest national industrial and infrastructure projects. In this paper, we study the process of transnationalization of bank capital in the face of changes in the institutional environment of countries - recipients of capital.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2020;28(1):31-44
pages 31-44 views

GLOBALIZATION AND ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

South Korea - Russia economic relations: focused on FDI

Degtereva E.A., Lee H.

Abstract

The emphasis on economic cooperation between South Korea and Russia is growing according to the new foreign policies of the two countries. This study aims to draw policy implications for increasing inter South Korea-Russia investments as reflecting growing political significances of economic cooperation of the two countries. For that, we analyzed FDI data from Central Bank of Russia, Export-Import Bank of Korea, and KOTRA given that in globalized economies, above all the other entry modes in foreign markets, FDI plays a significant role in national economic growth as allowing firms to utilize cross-border production factors with high efficiencies. Based on the data analysis, we made the following meaningful conclusions. First, despite growing political importance, FDI flows between the two countries are insignificant, partially due to the profound sense of closeness. Second, the motivations of Korean FDI showed differences dependent on Russian cities. Third, Korean FDI in Russia is highly concentrated in the manufacturing industry. To increase FDI flows between the two countries, we recommend to launch cultural exchange programs in private sectors with longterm visions and diversify investment in a way to increase cooperation among SMEs, and start-ups in high value-added and innovative industries.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2020;28(1):45-54
pages 45-54 views

State and level of development of integration processes in the EAEU as components of economic security of integration association

Melnikov A.B., Markevich Y.A., Falina N.V.

Abstract

The article deals with the state and level of development of integration processes in the Eurasian Economic Union and their impact on economic security of integration association on the basis of a range of indicators, such as the share of a member country of integration in trade, exports, imports of each of the member countries, the share of a member country of integration in foreign direct investment, in the total volume of FDI received in each of the member countries. On the basis of the assessment of the EEU integration processes development, threats to its economic security are identified: different level of economic development of the members states; preservation of the export-raw material model of development of Russia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan; low competitiveness of products of most manufacturers; virtually no trade and investment cooperation between Belarus and Armenia, Kazakhstan and Armenia, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Belarus. Most of the problems have a root cause - unsolved internal economic problems of the EEU, aggravating and strengthening the impact of external threats.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2020;28(1):55-71
pages 55-71 views

China - EU: legal framework and trade cooperation at the present stage

He M.

Abstract

Relations between the EU and China are of global importance, and these ties are likely to expand in the coming years. Analyzing the trade relations between the EU and China in 2009-2018, the author notes their activation and at the same time the growth of instability and imbalance. The main purpose of this article is to answer the question, what are the success factors and problems of cooperation in the field of mutual trade, in order to identify the conditions that can play an important role in the process of strengthening bilateral ties between China and the European Union. According to the author, China and the European Union, taken together, can become engines of a more cooperative approach to world politics, global stability and regional economic prosperity.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2020;28(1):72-82
pages 72-82 views

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Estimates of the interrelation of the level of socio-economic development and the mortality rate in Russian regions

Balashova S.A., Zakharchuk A.R., Sidorenko M.V.

Abstract

One of the most acute problems of the social development of present-day Russia is a tense demographic situation, one of the reasons for which is the insufficient rate of decline in mortality due to the birth crisis and uneven growth of migration. This study assessed the link of socio-economic factors with mortality by the example of the Pskov region, which is the permanent leader in natural population decline. Based on official statistics, the authors obtained quantitative estimates to characterize the dynamics of mortality using econometric tools. The aim of the study is to identify socio-economic factors that contribute most to the preservation of the dramatic demographic situation in the region. The study conducted an analysis of the relationship of socio-economic factors with mortality in the regions of the Russian Federation using the example of the Pskov region, which is the leader in anti-rating of natural population decline. As a result of the study, quantitative estimates were obtained that characterize the impact of the population lifestyle, age and gender structure on mortality, while controlling the average level of well-being. It is also shown that an increase in the share of the rural population leads to an increase in mortality, which can be explained by the migration of the young population to cities and the increase in the share of elderly people, remoteness from medical institutions and the inaccessibility of qualified medical care. It is estimated how an increase in the level of health development in the region and an improvement in the standard of living of the population contribute to a drop in mortality rates.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2020;28(1):83-97
pages 83-97 views

The process of a national innovation system concept formulation: key problems

Bokachev I.N.

Abstract

The article discusses the process of a national innovation system (NIS) concept developing as a scientific category, which originates from the late 1980s, when the model of linear mass production was predominant. The paper notes that the linear model of production has ceased to be relevant as the economies of countries grow and develop, and innovation and qualitatively new products and R & D come first among the key factors for the success of economic development. Particular attention is paid to the features of the study of the national innovation system at the level of theoretical understanding by various scientific circles, organizations and institutions. The author also notes the process of forming a systems approach in the field of innovation. The author identifies the concepts of concepts of national innovation systems formed by such scientists as K. Freeman, R. Nelson, B. Lundvall, etc. The author has identified key issues in the history of the study of NIS, on the basis of which it is possible to identify the main contradictions in the process of studying various concepts of NIS by various scientists, and explain the missing fragments for a more accurate definition of the concept of NIS and a better understanding of how it works today. The author relates to such problems, as the ambiguity of the origin of the concept of NIS, the presence of NIS in all countries, excessive theorization and ambiguity of the interpretation of NIS in the scientific literature.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2020;28(1):98-109
pages 98-109 views

Methodological provisions for the formation of an industrial enterprise management system based on the use of its potential

Kostyukhin Y.Y., Moseykin Y.N.

Abstract

From the perspective of enterprise development, all problems can be divided into two types: routine or technical, and development or improvement. At the same time, routine problems and procedures obscure development goals and problems. In addition, studies show that about 80-85% of problems are routine problems that could take 20% of managerial time, while 95% of manager’s time is taken and give only 20% of the organization’s efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to classify problems, build a solution algorithm, implement and transform this algorithm until it becomes absolutely correct (the percentage of errors in such processes is 1-2) and effective. It should be borne in mind that the problem may be existing or real and far-fetched.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2020;28(1):110-122
pages 110-122 views

Econometric evaluation of the scientific and technical progress parameter in the innovative exogenous economic growth model

Lazareva E.I., Lozovitskaya D.S.

Abstract

The article explores the problem of assessing the scientific and technological progress (STP) parameter in the exogenous economic growth model in the context of modern innovative digital transformation of the economy. The aim of the study is to develop and empirically verify an econometric model for an integrated assessment of the degree of economic agents’ innovative activity influence on the gross regional product. In accordance with the set goal, a methodologically triune (resource-management-resultant) approach to identifying the STP parameter and the corresponding system of economic agents’ innovative activity indicators of the factors are substantiated, an integral-estimated four-module economic mathematical model is proposed and tested. The results of the model testing make it possible to recommend an econometric approach for application in order to analyze and evaluate the scientific and technological progress parameter in innovative spatial economic development trajectories study.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2020;28(1):123-136
pages 123-136 views

Theoretical bases of managing agricultural production based on digital technologies

Shelkovnikov S.A., Petukhova M.S., Alekseev A.A.

Abstract

Digitalization affects all sectors of the economy, including agriculture. In addition, agriculture is a sector where the flow of data is very large and their digitization becomes a necessity for making optimal management decisions. The use of digital technologies in the industry is aimed at automating the maximum number of agricultural processes by creating a virtual model of the entire production cycle, and planning and forecasting with a high level of accuracy the schedule of work, crop yields, production costs and profits. Thus, digital technologies significantly change the process of managerial decision-making by the head of an agricultural organization. The purpose of this study is to develop the theoretical foundations of digital agricultural production management. The research methodology was based on monographic, abstract-logical, comparative methods. The study revealed that digitalization of agricultural production requires not only a complete change in production technology, but also a management system. A number of specific features inherent in the management of digital agricultural production are highlighted, which relate to the emergence of possibilities for modeling the production process, making changes to it and developing different scenarios; reducing the degree of influence on the production results of the climatic and human factors; guaranteed receipt of specified production parameters and the dependence of the vital activity of organisms on the work of engineering systems. In the context of digitalization of production, the functions of managing an organization undergo changes: in the framework of planning, which is generally carried out by a person, a significant role is given to forecasting, or rather, the development of scenarios for the possible development of production, which is already carried out by artificial intelligence. The latter also passes the function of monitoring production.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2020;28(1):137-145
pages 137-145 views

Development of a regulatory system for the financial mechanism of an autonomous educational institution

Kvashin A.D., Ribakova O.V.

Abstract

A feature of financing higher education institutions is the application of a standard scheme: financing from a general fund, the expense of a special fund, sponsorship, which does not fully meet the needs of the educational and innovative model of a higher educational institution as an element of the national innovation system. The proposed mechanism of mixed educational lending provides for the deposit participation of banks in financing student education, a feature of which is the reimbursement of interest from the budget or from third parties for the use of credit. This will improve the educational process and the specialists’ professionnal level. Based on the possible ratios of excess or deficit of funds, three types of financial stability for each of two possible types of quality of financial condition are identified.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2020;28(1):146-159
pages 146-159 views

WORLD CAPITAL MARKET

Reshoring to the EU and the USA: problems, trends and prospects

Chernova V.Y.

Abstract

Reshoring is recognized as one of the tools to achieve the goal set in Western countries to restore the role of manufacturing in the economy, its “renaissance”, stimulate innovation and increase employment. This article analyzes current trends and prospects for reshoring. Obstacles to the successful relocation of Western companies' production capacities to maternal jurisdiction were identified, the key role of which was played by the US protectionist policy and the escalation of trade conflicts. As a result, after increasing the cases of reshoring in previous years, in 2018-2019, the process of moving production facilities of western companies to other countries of Southeast Asia at lower costs received an additional impetus. It is concluded that the state policies of countries aimed at reviving their industry and the technology of the fourth industrial revolution have a significant impact on the change in the position of individual countries in the international division of labor, which gives an opportunity for “catching countries” to develop the economy and improve their position in the world trade.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2020;28(1):160-171
pages 160-171 views

U.S. in the global FDI’ flows: repatriation of foreign earning by U.S. from EU members as the new global trend

Konovalova Y.A.

Abstract

Scientific investigation covers the questions of U.S.’ involvedness into the international economic relations and into the international trade of goods and services and international movement of FDI as well. The fact that USA is the larger importer and the second exporter of goods in the world (2018), and the largest exporter and importer of commercial services (2018), the biggest host economy of FDI, and the largest investor (till 2017) the investigation of the American investment cooperation is the rather important affair, that can show the tough dependence of U.S.’ economy of foreign countries investments flows and regimes. In accordance with UNCTAD data U.S. is holding the first place as the exporter of FDI during the long period till 2018, that showed the negative number of FDI outflow in 2018 as the result of tax reform’ implementation at the end of 2017. Implementation of open and tough foreign trade policy (the policy of protectionism) through the import tariffs increasing is aimed at trade deficit reduction, protection and support of the American producers, implementation of tax reform at the end of 2017, making come true the soundbites of D. Trump “Make America Great Again” and “America first”. The author analyzed investment cooperation of U.S. and EU, its dynamic, specialization, directions. The author came to conclusion that correlation of United States’ investment indicators with European Union showed an unequal evaluation of each Union’ member and determined the disproportion of understanding and examination of regional integration not as the complex subject of the global economy but as the set of different and independent subjects. Investigation of U.S.’ FDI export and import statistics gave the author opportunity to come the conclusion that there is the specific of U.S.’ investment outflow into the European Union countries reflected through the limited set of investment recipients. At the same time, implementation of the tax reforms at the end of 2017 could lead to the changing of global investment flows from low tax jurisdictions to USA, for example.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2020;28(1):172-183
pages 172-183 views

INTERNATIONAL LABOR MARKET AND INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION

Educational migration: factors influencing the attraction of foreign young scientists and the return of Russian young scientists

Belov F.D.

Abstract

The article highlights the problem of the emigration of young scientists and students from Russia abroad. The factors affecting the retention of foreign students in the country after graduation are presented, as well as the return of Russian students after receiving higher education abroad. The experience of foreign states in stimulating educational immigration has been analyzed, in particular, scientific programs have been considered to attract foreign students for the purpose of studying in higher education institutions. Similarly, scientific, industrial and economic benefits are singled out in the article with the accumulation of intellectual capital in the country. The options for managing intellectual capital are considered, for example, the idea of creating scientific centers on the basis of coworking as an effective method for attracting and engaging young scientists for achieving high scientific results is proposed.

RUDN Journal of Economics. 2020;28(1):184-195
pages 184-195 views

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies