Vol 26, No 3 (2018)

The article examines the main geopolitical factors that determine the place of the state in the community of nations: the size of its territory, the density of the population, the rationality of its productive force’s location. Attention is paid to the identification of those reserves, the use of which will make it possible to carry out the breakthrough tasks defined by the May Decree of Russian President Vladimir Putin “On National Purposes and Strategic Development Challenges of the Russian Federation until 2024” (No. 204, May 2018). To solve research problems the author uses methods of legal cooperativities, sociological comprehension of the qualitative and quantitative state of population, and analyzes the legal basis on which the mechanism of lawmaking activity and law enforcement practice are developed.

The modern world is organized around the global value chains (GVC). The GVC-oriented approach is an important tool for the national economy development strategies. It is well studied for the country level but not enough for the firm’s level. The article is devoted to the problem of the national economy integration into the GVC in the context of the national industrial complex. The aim of this paper is to generate the concept of the GVC-oriented approach as a theoretical basis for the successful development of the national industry. In the article some contradictions in the basic principles of the VC-theory were removed, theoretical provisions of the interaction between the GVC links and local national economic units are developed on the basis of the VC-theory, geoeconomic paradigm; the concepts of localization and co-development of the GVC and the localization of its links are complemented. Methodical aspects of the national industry diagnostics in terms of GVC are proposed. Testing was performed on the example of the national pharmaceutical complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The article examines the impact of direct investments, including FDI, on the development of Russia’s innovative economy. The unfavorable situation in the Russian national innovation system is shown: the basic indicators of innovation in 2017 remain at the level of 2000. The negative influence of FDI on the Russian industry, which is due to the passive position of the state in managing the investment flow, has been revealed. The article proposes an approach to the building of a management system of the institutes of the national innovation systems (NIS) based on the principle of ensuring mutually beneficial conditions for all participants of the innovation process. On the example of experience of activity of venture funds and technoparks, the need for state control of the effectiveness of innovative institutions, based on their contribution to the growth of the number of innovative active enterprises in the real sectors of the Russian economy as the main criterion for investment management is justified.

The article identifies factors influencing investment process, forms of attracting investment resources, identifies the preconditions necessary for the formation of a favorable investment climate and the role of public authorities in management and regulation of investment activity. The necessity of attracting Russian investments in the real sector of the economy of Abkhazia, which promote the modernization and development of the economy on the innovation basis, is substantiated. Investment interaction is developing process, during which its participants come together to form relatively stable economic relations of production and structural nature. Moreover, the relations prevailing in the investment area between Abkhazia and Russia, allied countries and strategic partners, the investment interaction form a close integration of communication.

In the article the analyzing of raised up the population in Barnaul city is shown. Despite the fact of social and economic favorable conditions there are the common facts of growth the population in the city. Also you can see the characteristics of economics and geographic location and the comparison of quality of life in Russia. The authors created two schemes to simplify the location, to give some directions and to show the progress in branches of production. Using this store you can see the best supply to make your business competitive in this region. Also the migrants take social economics in consideration of choosing the place to live in.

Development of the Russian economic space is a long-term process, combining geographical, historical, socio-economic and demographic aspects. The relevance of this research topic is due to the need for scientific analysis of the processes of urbanization, the identification of the country’s territories with increasing and decreasing urban population, the formation of urban growth centers as the potential of sustainable territorial organization of the regions and the country as a whole. The article studies the modern structure of urban settlement in Russia and spatial differentiation of the city system. The analysis of population dynamics in all cities of Russia from the collapse of the Soviet Union to the present time. The study found that the network of cities is undergoing structural changes. In total, the country has two large areas with a declining urban population and six smaller areas in which the urban population has increased, highlighting the territory of economic growth and decline.

Due to the growth of migration flows, border areas and cities are among the first to experience the effects of globalization and integration. Cross-border migration and tourism mobility are considered modern challenges affecting small border cities. At the same time, host community often takes opposite positions in relation to these challenges: stimulating tourism and restricting migration. The increased dynamics of cross-border migration brings changes, sometimes significant, to the development of the social and cultural environment of small border cities. Thus, the experience of Tornio city that struggled with the increased number of visitors from Africa and Asia demonstrates a growing society fragmentation and the emergence of cultural identity crisis. The Finnish cities bordering Russia make profit from cross-border mobility, stimulating the development of shopping tourism. The problem of cross-border migration is illustrated by small border cities in Finland. The empirical data is based on the sociological survey conducted in August - September 2016 in Tornio as well as the results of the authors’ own observations.

This article presents statistical data about migration from the Republic of Buryatia. It explores factors that induce people to leave the region, and analyses main tendencies and social-political consequences of migration processes in relation to the measures of Republic migration policy. The paper considers the main push-factors of migration from Buryatia such as employment issues, low wage, and low standard of living; moreover, an absence of prestigious higher educational institutions also provokes the outflow of ambitious and intellectual youth from the Republic. The primary centers of attraction are Moscow and St. Petersburg, although, significant part of Buryatia’ population also migrates inside the Siberian region. The government of Buryatia works on variety of concepts and projects for development of the region. In addition to the development of tourism and natural resources in Buryatia, the priorities of socio-economic policy are improving living standards and creating jobs. However, clear and coordinated work of the state bodies is the most significant factor for successful implementation of these projects. Moreover, the republican authorities do not pay enough attention to support and develop state universities in Buryatia, which are hardly able to compete with the leading educational institutions of Russia. Development of the republican universities and institutes is needed not only to keep their own youth and attract young people from other regions and countries, but also to create opportunities and conditions for research and implementation of innovative projects.