Возвращение контроля: роль схемы-образов в дискурсе о Брексите

Обложка

Цитировать

Полный текст

Аннотация

Могут ли схемы-образов служить опорой дискурса о Брексите, при этом придавая ему эмоциональную окраску и оценочность? В статье анализируется концептуализация Брексита в газете The Telegraph , поддержавшей выход Великобритании из ЕС. Цель данной статьи, основанной на дискурсивном подходе, - показать, какую роль в дискурсе о Брекcите играют две повторяющиеся схемы-образов - СДЕРЖИВАНИЕ и СИЛА, используемые, чтобы вызвать чувства страха и гнева и таким образом заставить читателей занять оборонительную позицию против ЕС во время референдума. Для анализа был создан корпус материалов объемом 43 576 слов, содержащихся в 34 аналитических и 13 передовых статьях (за период с 22 мая по 22 июня 2016 года). Анализ данных проводился на основе Теории концептуальной метафоры. Результаты показывают, что применение метафор, описывающих сценарий «возвращение контроля», в котором соединяются схемы-образов и концептуальные метафоры, способствуют усилению настроений о выходе из ЕС путем использования этой реалистической формулы, не требующей при этом сильного когнитивного напряжения. Изучение схем-образов - весьма плодотворный путь к пониманию репрезентаций сложных политических проблем, таких как Брексит, подкрепляемых использованием в сжатой форме простой, но при этом эмоционально нагруженной информации.

Об авторах

Виктория Мартин де ла Роса

Мадридский университет Комплутенсе

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: mvmartin@ucm.es
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3720-5240

доцент кафедры английского языка и литературы Мадридского университета Комплутенсе (Испания). Основная сфера ее научных интересов связана с изучением критической метафоры в различных контекстах, в особенности в американском образовательном дискурсе. Она автор ряда публикаций в испанских и международных рецензируемых журналах, в частности Linguistics and Education, Journal of Pragmatics, Intercultural Pragmatics, Journal of Gender Studies и др.

Мадрид, Испания

Список литературы

  1. Andrews, Kehindre. 2021. The New Age of Empire: How Racism and Colonialism still Rule the World. New York: Bold Type Books.
  2. Breeze, Ruth. 2020. Introduction: Approaching metaphor in political discourse. In Ruth Breeze & Carmen Llamas Saíz (eds.), Metaphor in political conflict. Populism and discourse. Navarra: Ediciones Universidad de Navarra (EUNSA). ISBN 978-84-313-3467-3
  3. Breeze, Ruth. 2023. Time for Brexit? Temporalities in the 2019 UK European election campaign. Text & Talk. https://doi.org/10.1515/text-2022-0004
  4. Charteris-Black, Jonathan. 2006. Britain as a container: Immigration metaphors in the 2005 election campaign. Discourse and Society 17 (5). 563-581. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926506066345
  5. Chilton, Paul. 2004. Analysing Political Discourse. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
  6. Dancygier, Barbara. 2021. Narrativised simile and emotional responses to Brexit. Russian Journal of Linguistics 25 (3). 663-684. https://doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-3-663-684
  7. El Refaie, Elisabeth. 2001. Metaphors we discriminate by: Naturalized themes in Austrian newspaper articles about asylum seekers. Journal of Sociolinguistics 5 (3). 352-371. https://10.1111/1467-9481.00154
  8. Felices Lago, Angel M. & Enriqueta Cortés de los Ríos. 2009. A cognitive-axiological approach print eco-advertisements in the economist: The energy sector under scrutiny. Revista de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas 4. 59-78. https://doi.org/10.4995/rlyla.2009.735
  9. Forceville, Charles 2006. Non-verbal and multimodal metaphor in a cognitivist framework: Agendas for research. In Gitte Kristiansen, Michel Achard, René Dirven, & Francisco Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez (eds.), Cognitive linguistics: Current applications and future perspectives, 379-402. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
  10. Forceville, Charles. 2017. From image schema to metaphor in discourse: The FORCE schemas in animation films. In Beate Hampe (ed.), Metaphor: Embodied cognition and discourse, 239-256. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/1108182324
  11. Forceville, Charles & Marloes Jeulink. 2011. The flesh and blood of embodied understanding: The source-path-goal schema in animation film. Pragmatics & Cognition 19 (1). 37-59.
  12. Gibbs, Raymond W. 2005. The psychological status de image schemas. In Beate Hampe (ed.), From perception to meaning: Image schemas in cognitive linguistics, 113-136. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197532
  13. Gibbs, Raymond W. 2014. Embodied metaphor. In Jeannette Littlemore & John Taylor (eds.), The Bloomsbury companion to cognitive linguistics, 167-184. London: Bloomsbury.
  14. Gibbs, Raymond W. & Eric A. Berg. 2002. Mental imagery and embodied activity. Journal of Mental Imagery 26 (1-2). 1-30.
  15. Gibbs, Raymond W. & Herbert L. Colston. 1995. The cognitive psychological reality of image schemas and their transformations. Cognitive Linguistics 6 (4). 347-378. https://doi.org/10.1515/cogl.1995.6.4.347
  16. Grady, Joe. 1997. Theories are buildings revisited. Cognitive Linguistics 8 (4). 267-290.
  17. Hampe, Beate (ed.). 2005. From Perception to Meaning: Image Schemas in Cognitive Linguistics. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/ 10.1515/9783110197532
  18. Hart, Christopher. 2011. Force-interactive patterns in immigration discourse: A cognitive linguistic approach to CDA. Discourse & Society 22 (3). 269-286. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926510395440
  19. Ibarretxe-Antuñano, Iraide. 2002. Mind-as-body as a cross-linguistic conceptual metaphor. Miscelánea. A Journal of English and American Studies 25. 93-119.
  20. Jakubowski, Lisa. 1992. ‘Schooling’ and the ‘Naturalization’ of racial injustice. The Journal of Human Justice 4. 77-88.
  21. Jiménez Yáñez, Ricardo-María & Ruth Breeze. 2020. Eleven eventful days in Cataluña: Metaphor scenarios in the media. In Ruth Breeze & Carmen Llamas Saíz (eds.), Metaphor in political conflict. Populism and discourse. Navarra: Ediciones Universidad de Navarra (EUNSA). ISBN 978-84-313-3467-3
  22. Johnson, Mark. 1987. The Body in the Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  23. Johnson, Mark. 2005. The philosophical significance of image schemas. In Beate Hampe (ed.), From perception to meaning: Image schemas in cognitive linguistics, 15-34. New York: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197532
  24. Kecskes, Istvan. 2005. Cognitive approaches to bilingualism: Introduction to the special issue. [Special issue]. International Journal of Bilingualism 9 (1). 1-6.
  25. Khabaz, David. 2018. Framing Brexit. The role, and the impact of the national newspapers on the EU Referendum. Newspaper Research Journal 39 (4). 496-508.
  26. Kimmel, Michael. 2005. Culture regained: Situated and compound image schemas. In Beate Hampe (ed.), From perception to meaning: Image schemas in cognitive linguistics, 285-311. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197532
  27. Koegler, Caroline, Pavan Malreddy & Marlena Tronicke. 2020. The colonial remains of Brexit: Empire nostalgia and narcissistic nationalism. [Special issue]. Journal of Postcolonial Writing 56 (5). 585-592. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2020.1818440
  28. Kövecses, Zoltan. 2010. Metaphor: A Practical Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.
  29. Lakoff, George. 1987. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  30. Lakoff, George. 1990. The invariance hypothesis: Is abstract reason based on image-schemas? Cognitive Linguistics 1 (1). 39-74. https://doi.org/10.1515/cogl.1990.1.1.39
  31. Lakoff, George. 1993. The contemporary theory of metaphor. In Andrew Ortony (ed.), Metaphor and thought, 202-251. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  32. Lakoff, George. 2014. Mapping the brain’s metaphor circuitry: Is abstract thought metaphorical thought? New Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8. 958. https://doi.org/10.3389.fnhum.2014.00958
  33. Lakoff, George & Mark Johnson. 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
  34. Lakoff, George & Mark Johnson. 1999. Philosophy in the Flesh. The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought. New York: Basic Books.
  35. Lakoff, George & Mark Turner. 1989. More than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  36. Machin, David & Andrea Mayr. 2012. How to Do Critical Discourse Analysis: A Multimodal Introduction. Los Angeles: SAGE.
  37. Martín de la Rosa, Victoria & Luis M. Lázaro. 2017. A cognitive-based approach to President Obama's educational discourse through the lens of his State of the Union addresses (2009-2016). Ibérica 33. 191-211.
  38. Martín de la Rosa, Victoria & Luis M. Lázaro. 2022. Legitimating Meritocracy as part of the American dream through the ritual of commencement speeches. Linguistics and Education 72. 101117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2022.101117
  39. Moss, Jonathan, Emily Robinson & Jake Watts. 2020. Brexit and the everyday politics of emotion: Methodological lessons from history. Political Studies 68 (4). 837-856. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720911915
  40. Musolff, Andreas. 2006. Metaphor scenarios in public discourse. Metaphor and Symbol 21 (1). 23-38.
  41. Musolff, Andreas. 2015. Dehumanizing metaphors in UK immigrant debates in press and online media. Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict 3 (1). 41-56.
  42. Musolff, Andreas. 2016. Political Metaphor Analysis. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
  43. Musolff, Andreas. 2017. Truths, lies and figurative scenarios: Metaphors at the heart of Brexit. Journal of Language and Politics 16 (5). 641-657. https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.16033.mus
  44. Musolff, Andreas. 2021. Hyperbole and emotionalisation: Escalation of pragmatic effects of proverb and metaphor in the “Brexit” debate. Russian Journal of Linguistics 25 (3). 628-644. https://doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-3-628-644
  45. Musolff, Andreas. 2020. Metaphor and persuasion in language. In Elena Semino & Zsófia Demjén (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Metaphor and Language, 309-322. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
  46. Ng, Carl J. Way. 2020. Metaphor. In John Flowerdew & John E. Richardson (eds.), The routledge handbook of critical discourse analysis, 215-227. New York: Routledge.
  47. Partington, Alan & Charlotte Taylor. 2018. The Language of Persuasion in Politics. An Introduction. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
  48. Peña Cervel, Sandra. 1998. Conceptual Projection and image schemas. Epos: Revista de Filología 14. 451-461.
  49. Peña Cervel, Sandra. 1999. Subsidiarity relationships between image-schemas: An approach to the force schema. The Journal of English Studies 1. 187-207.
  50. Peña Cervel, Sandra. 2001. A cognitive approach to the role of body parts in the conceptualization of emotion metaphors. Epos: Revista de Filología 17. 45-60.
  51. Quinn, Naomi. 1991. The Cultural Basis of Metaphor. In James W. Fernandez (ed.), Beyond metaphor: The theory of tropes in anthropology, 56-93. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  52. Räikkönen, Jenni. 2020. Metaphors separating the United Kingdom from the EU in British Parliamentary debates from 2000 to 2016. In Ruth Breeze & Carmen Llamas Saíz (eds.), Metaphor in political conflict. Populism and discourse. Navarra: Ediciones Universidad de Navarra (EUNSA). ISBN 978-84-313-3467-3
  53. Riihimäki, Jenni. 2019. At the heart and in the margins: Discursive construction of British national identity in relation to the EU in British parliamentary debates from 1973 to 2015. Discourse & Society 30 (4). 412-431.
  54. Saslaw, Janna. 1996. Forces, containers and paths: The role of the body derived image schematas in the conceptualization of music. Journal of Music Theory 40 (2). 217-243.
  55. Seaton, Jean. 2016. Brexit and the Media. The Political Quarterly 87 (3). 333-337.
  56. Velasco Sacristán, Mª Sol & M.ª Enriqueta Cortés de los Ríos. 2009. Persuasive nature of image schematic devices in advertising: Their use for introducing sexism. Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses 22. 239-270. https://doi.org/10.14198/raei.2009.22.15
  57. Viola, Lorella. 2020. Populism and social media: Populist ideology, eurosceptic agenda, and Trump’s echoes in Salvini’s 2018 end of the year Facebook speech. In Ruth Breeze & Carmen Llamas Saíz (eds.), Metaphor in political conflict. Populism and discourse. Navarra: Ediciones Universidad de Navarra (EUNSA). ISBN 978-84-313-3467-3
  58. Yu, Ning. 2009. From Body to Meaning in Culture: Papers on Cognitive Semantic Studies of Chinese. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
  59. Zappettini, Franko. 2021. The UK as victim and hero in the Sun’s coverage of the Brexit ‘humiliation’. Russian Journal of Linguistics 25 (3). 645-662. https://doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-3-645-662
  60. Barnett, Steven. 2016. How our mainstream media failed democracy. https://www.referendumanalysis.eu/eu-referendum-analysis-2016/section-4/how-our-mainstream-media-failed-democracy (accessed 12 December 2021).
  61. CIDOB (Barcelona Centre for International Affairs). 2016. Brexit and its consequences. https://www.cidob.org/publicaciones/serie_de_publicacion/notes_internacionals/n1_159/brexit_causes_and_consequences (accessed 2 April 2022).
  62. Consterdine, Erica. 2016. The huge political cost of Blair’s decision to allow Eastern European migrants unfettered access to Britain. The Conversation 30 March. https://theconversation.com/the-huge-political-cost-of-blairs-decision-to-allow-eastern-european-migrants-unfettered-access-to-britain-66077 (accessed 4 April 2022).
  63. Jennings, Will & Stephen Fischer. 2016. Expert Predictions of the 2016 Referendum outcome. Available at: https://www.psa.ac.uk/sites/default/files/PSA%20EU2016%20Report.pdf
  64. Lavery, Ian. 2019. Speech given at Labour Party Conference. https://labour.org.uk/press/ian-lavery-speaking-labour-party-conference/ (accessed 15 March 2022)
  65. Levy, David, Aslan Billur & Diego Bironzo. 2016. UK Press Coverage of the EU Referendum. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2018-11/UK_Press_Coverage_of_the_%20EU_Referendum.pdf (accessed 2 March 2022).
  66. Migration Observatory. 2022. https://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/projects/migration-and-brexit/ (accessed 14 April 2022).
  67. Mudge, Rob. 2018. Would Margaret Thatcher be in favor of Brexit? DV Made for Minds April. https://www.dw.com/en/would-margaret-thatcher-be-in-favor-of-brexit/a-43252699 (accessed 25 April 2022).
  68. Palmer, John. 1988. Thatcher sets face against united Europe. https://www.theguardian.com/business/1988/sep/21/emu.theeuro (accessed 5 May 2022).
  69. Pew Research Center. 2016. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2016/08/02/number-of-refugees-to-europe-surges-to-record-1-3-million-in-2015/ (accessed 25 April 2022).
  70. The Economist. 2014. Why Britain is so Eurosceptic? https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2014/03/03/why-britain-is-so-eurosceptic (accessed 1 February 2022).
  71. YouGov. 2017. How left or right-wing are the UK’s newspapers?https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2017/03/07/how-left-or-right-wing-are-uks-newspapers (accessed 15 April 2022).

© Мартин де ла Роса В., 2023

Creative Commons License
Эта статья доступна по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Данный сайт использует cookie-файлы

Продолжая использовать наш сайт, вы даете согласие на обработку файлов cookie, которые обеспечивают правильную работу сайта.

О куки-файлах