Многомерная модель взаимодействия как основа феномено-ориентированного подхода к коммуникации

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Взаимодействие между людьми - основа принадлежности к человеческому роду. Несмотря на огромные изменения в языках и коммуникативных навыках, интеракции часто оказываются неудачными, что создает проблемы в быту и на работе. Неспособность вести диалог - тоже человеческая черта, которая продуцирует конфликты между людьми, государствами и религиями. В связи с этим есть основания утверждать, что ошибки и сбои в коммуникации относятся к числу самых серьезных проблем мира. Ученые из разных областей знания участвуют в изучении этого сложного явления - лингвистики, социологии, антропологии, психологии. Их подходы, ориентированные на исследовательские методы, во многом обогащают наше понимание различных аспектов интеракции. Однако этим подходам недостает понимания самой сути интеракции, для чего необходим более холистический подход, ориентированный на явления. Цель данной статьи - показать, что единственный способ достичь этой цели - мультидисциплинарность, то есть использование результатов и методов различных областей исследования. Это непростая задача, потому что способы мышления и проведения исследования в разных науках отличаются друг от друга. Еще одно препятствие - обучение исследователей, которое, как правило, опирается на традиции только одной научной дисциплины. «Многомерная модель взаимодействия» обеспечивает хорошую основу для системного холистического подхода к взаимодействию, давая возможность рассмотреть это сложное явление с различных точек зрения. Модель включает различные фазы процесса вазимодействия, начиная с выбора темы со стороны говорящего и заканчивая определением референции со стороны реципиента, а также ментальные миры собеседников (знания, отношения, ценности, эмоциональное состояние и т.д.), приспособление речи к реципиенту (реципиент-дизайн) и внешние обстоятельства.

Об авторах

Арто Мустайоки

Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; Хельсинкский университет

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: arto.mustajoki@helsinki.fi
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6609-7090

почетный профессор Хельсинского университета (Финляндия), главный научный сотрудник Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики», вице-президент Международной ассоциации преподавателей русского языка и литературы (МАПРЯЛ). Сфера его научных интересов включает современный русский язык, теорию функционального синтаксиса, корпусную лингвистику, русскую ментальность, причины и последствия непонимания в коммуникации, исследовательскую этику. Он также является автором учебных материалов по русскому языку и научно-популярных книг.

Москва, Россия; Хельсинки, Финляндия

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