U.S. - China: “Power Transition” and the Outlines of “Conflict Bipolarity”

封面

如何引用文章

详细

This article focuses on the phenomenon of global rivalry between China and the United States in terms of power transition theory, which is scientifically new and relevant due to the increased attention to the so-called “Thucydides trap”, in which, as some experts claim, both states have fallen. This paper presents a different vision of the global rivalry for leadership in the shaping of a new world order, which has already taken the form of overt non-violent confrontation and manifests itself in technological and trade wars as well as scientific and cultural rivalries. Nevertheless, despite the non-violent nature of the rivalry, this process is followed by an increase in the military capabilities of states, mainly projected in the basins of the Pacific and Indian Oceans (Indo-Pacific region). The methodological basis of the paper is ‘power transition’ theory, which has been developed over the past 60 years by A.F. Organsky, J. Kugler, D. Lemke, R. Tammen and other researchers, united in the TransResearch Consortium. The authors argue that the analytical prism of this theory is more relevant to the analysis of current global rivalry than the classical neorealist balance of power approach. Through the prism of the theory the issues of rebalancing the global system of economic governance are analyzed. Also, a comparative analysis of the US-Japanese and US-Chinese trade and technological wars is carried out. Both the military and aggregate capabilities of two countries on a global scale and in the Indo-Pacific region are examined. The conclusion contains findings and comments on the impact of U.S. - China rivalry on the system of international relations.

作者简介

Denis Degterev

RUDN University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: degterev-da@rudn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7426-1383

Dr. of Sc. (Political Science), PhD in Economics, Head, Department of Theory and History of International Relations, RUDN University; Professor, World Economy Department, MGIMO University; Professor, Department of European Studies; St. Petersburg State University

Moscow, Russian Federation

Mirzet Ramich

RUDN University

Email: ramich_ms@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1479-2785

Postgraduate Student, Department of Theory and History of International Relations

Moscow, Russian Federation

Anatoly Tsvyk

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation

Email: a.tsvyk91@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0563-5609

PhD in History

Moscow, Russian Federation

参考

  1. Allison, G. (2017). Destined for war: Can America and China escape Thucydides’s trap? Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
  2. Badrutdinova, K.R., Degterev, D.A., & Stepanova, А.A. (2017). Interconnections among the United States, Russia and China: Does Kissinger’s American leadership formula apply? International Organisations Research Journal, 12(1), 81—109. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2017-01-81
  3. Bergsten, C.F. (2018). China and the United States: The contest for global economic leadership. China & World Economy, 26(5), 12—37. https://doi.org/10.1111/cwe.12254
  4. Bergsten, C.F., Freeman, C., Lardy, N.R., & Mitchell, D.J. (2008). China’s rise: Challenges and opportunities. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics.
  5. Bogaturov, A.D. (1997). Great powers in the Pacific: History and theory of international relations in East Asia after the Second World War (1945—1995). Moscow: Konvert-MONF publ. (In Russian).
  6. Bogaturov, A.D. (2003). Systemic history of international relations. Vol. 3: Events. 1945—2003. Moscow: NOFMO publ. (In Russian).
  7. Chen, Z., & Zhang, X. (2020). Chinese conception of the world order in a turbulent Trump era. The Pacific Review, 33(3—4), 438—468. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2020.1728574
  8. Chong, T., & Li, X. (2019). Understanding the China — US trade war: Causes, economic impact, and the worst-case scenario. Economic and Political Studies, 7(2), 185—202. https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2019.1595328
  9. Degterev, D.A. (2016). The political influence in the international financial system. International Organisations Research Journal, 11(4), 77—105. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2016-04-77
  10. Degterev, D.A. (2019). Multipolar world order: Old myths and new realities. Vestnik RUDN. International Relations, 19(3), 404—419. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-3-404-419
  11. Degterev, D.A. (2020). Assessment of the current international arrangement of forces and the formation of a multipolar world. Moscow: Rusains publ. (In Russian).
  12. Degterev, D.A., Nikulin, M.A., & Ramich, M.S. (Eds.). (2021). Balance of power in key regions of the world: Conceptualization and applied analysis. Moscow: RUDN publ. (In Russian).
  13. Denisov, I.E. (2020). The concept of ‘discursive power’ and the transformation of Chinese foreign policy under
  14. Xi Jinping. Comparative Politics Russia, 11(04), 42—52. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.24411/2221-3279-2020-10047
  15. Efremenko, D.V. (2020). Double Thucydides’ Trap. Donald Trump’s Presidency and the New Bipolarity. Russia in Global Affairs, (4), 126—147. (In Russian). Retrieved from https://globalaffairs.ru/articles/dvojnaya-lovushka-fukidida/
  16. Estachy, L. (2020). Power struggle between China and the United States: Lessons of history. MGIMO Review of International Relations, 13(1), 82—99. https://doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-1-70-82-99
  17. Friedberg, A.L., & Boustany, C.W. (2020). Partial disengagement: A new US strategy for economic competition with China. The Washington Quarterly, 43(1), 23—40. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2020.1736882
  18. Goldstein, A. (2020). US — China rivalry in the twenty-first century: Déjà vu and Cold War II. China International Strategy Review, 2, 48—62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42533-020-00036-w
  19. Grachikov, E.N. (2021). The Chinese school of international relations: Toward big theories. Moscow: Aspekt Press publ. (In Russian).
  20. Han, Z., & Paul, T.V. (2020). China’s rise and balance of power politics. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 13(3), 1—26. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poz018
  21. Istomin, I.A. (2018). Rivalry between the leading powers in the context of global interdependence. Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics, 10(1), 72—101. (In Russian).
  22. Istomin, I.A. (2021). The logic of state behavior in world politics. Moscow: Aspekt Press publ. (In Russian).
  23. Jervis, R. (1976). Perception and misperception in international politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  24. Johnston, A.I. (2019). China in a world of orders: Rethinking compliance and challenge in Beijing’s international relations. International Security, 44(2), 9—60. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00360
  25. Karneev, A.N. (2019). Ideological and political sphere development trends: Xi Jinping’s “second season”. Mirovaya Ekonomika i Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya, 63(10), 42—50. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-10-42-50
  26. Khudaykulova, A.V. (2020). Geopolitical triangles in the context of international security. Outlines of Global Transformations: Politics, Economics, Law, 13(4), 53—73. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2020-13-4-3
  27. Khudaykulova, A.V., & Ramich, M.S. (2020). “Quad 2.0”: Quadrilateral dialogue for counterbalancing China in the Indo-Pacific. Polis. Political Studies, (3), 23—43. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2020.03.03
  28. Kugler, J., & Organski, A.F.K. (1989). The power transition: A retrospective and prospective evaluation. In M.I. Midlarsky (Eds.), Handbook of war studies (pp. 171—194). Boston: Unwin Hyman.
  29. Layne, C. (2020). Preventing the China — U.S. Cold War from turning hot. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 13(3), 343—385. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poaa012
  30. Lew, J., & Roughead, G. (2021). China’s Belt and Road. Implications for the United State. Council on Foreign Relations. Independent Task Force Report, 79, 1—176.
  31. Liff, A.P. (2018). China and the US alliance system. The China Quarterly, 233, 137—165. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741017000601
  32. Lomanov, A.V. (2020). Jin and Chu instead of Athens and Sparta. Mirovaya Ekonomika i Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya, 64(8), 127—132. (In Russian).
  33. Lomanov, A.V. (2021). Circulation versus isolation. China responded to the West strategically. Russia in Global Affairs, 19(3). (In Russian). Retrieved from https://globalaffairs.ru/articles/czirkulyacziya-protiv-izolyaczii/
  34. Lukin, A.V. (2019). Discussion on the development of China and prospects for its foreign policy. Polis. Political Studies, (1), 71—89. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2019.01.06
  35. Mastro, O.S. (2019). In the shadow of the Thucydides trap: International relations theory and the prospects for peace in U.S. — China relations. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 24(1), 25–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-018-9581-4
  36. Morozov, Yu.V. (2020). Ways to neutralize threats to Russia in the framework of the strategic triangle “Russia — U.S. — China”. Moscow: IDV RAN publ. (In Russian).
  37. Navarro, P. (2007). China’s coming wars. The battlefield and the price of victory. Moscow: Vershina publ. (In Russian).
  38. Nikulin, M.A. (2020). At the origins of American hegemony: Planning for a global US military deployment (1943—1945). Vlast’, 28(2), 260—267. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31171/vlast.v28i2.7166
  39. Organski, A.F.K. World politics. New York: A. Knopf.
  40. Organski, A.F.K., & Kugler, J. The war ledger. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  41. Pozdnyakov, E.A. (1993). Balance of power in world politics. Theory and practice. Moscow: IMEMO RAN publ. (In Russian).
  42. Semenov, A.V., & Tsvyk, A.V. (2019). The “Community of a shared future for humankind” concept in China’s foreign policy strategy. Mirovaya Ekonomika i Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya, 63(8), 72—81. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-8-72-81
  43. Shakleina, T.A. (2018). Russia and the United States in world politics. Moscow: Aspekt Press publ. (In Russian).
  44. Strange, S. (1988). States and markets. New York: Bloomsberry.
  45. Suisheng, Z., & Guo, D. (2019). A new Cold War? Causes and future of the emerging US — China rivalry. Vestnik RUDN. International Relations, 19(1), 9—21. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-1-9-21
  46. Sushentsov, A.A., & Pavlov, V.V. (2021). “Vocation crisis” in the State Department: Problems of converting US foreign policy potential into influence. Polis. Political Studies, (2), 76—98. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2021.02.06
  47. Tammen, R. (2000). Power transitions: Strategies for the 21st century. New York: Chatham House.
  48. Tellis, A.J. (2013) Balancing without containment: A U.S. strategy for confronting China’s rise. The Washington Quarterly, 36(4), 109—124. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2013.861717
  49. Thompson, W. (Eds.). (2018). The Oxford encyclopedia of empirical international relations theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780190632588.001.0001
  50. Trenin, D.V. (2021). The new balance of power: Looking for Russia’s foreign policy balance. Moscow: Alpina Publisher. (In Russian).
  51. Vinogradov, A.O., Salitsky, A.I., & Semenova, N.K. (2019). US—China economic confrontation: Ideology, chronology, meaning. Vestnik RUDN. International Relations, 19(1), 35—46. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-1-35-46
  52. Voskresensky, A.D. (Eds.). (2021). The logic of the new world-building architectonics and the strategy of powers. Moscow: Strategicheskie izyskaniya publ. (In Russian).
  53. Wang Z., & Sun, Z. (2020). From globalization to regionalization: The United States, China, and the post-COVID-19 world economic order. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 26, 69—87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-020-09706-3
  54. Wang, W.Z. (2019). Destined for misperception? Status dilemma and the early origin of US — China antagonism. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 24(1), 49—65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-018-09596-6
  55. Wu, C. (2020). Ideational differences, perception gaps, and the emerging Sino-US rivalry. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 13(1), 27—68. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poz020
  56. Wyne, A. (2020). How to think about potentially decoupling from China. The Washington Quarterly, 43(1), 41—64. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2020.1735854
  57. Xu, P. (2021). 2020 Shuzi Lengzhan Yuan Nian: Wangluo Kongjian Quanqiu Zhili De Liang Zhong Luxian Zhi Zheng [Global Internet governance towards digital Cold War or digital commons]. Information Security and Communications Privacy, 3, 16—23. (In Chinese).
  58. Xuetong, Y. (2020). Bipolar rivalry in the early digital age. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 13(3), 313—341. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poaa007
  59. Xuetong, Y., & Qi, H. (2012). Football game rather than boxing match: China — US intensifying rivalry does not amount to Cold War. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 5(2), 105—127. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/pos007
  60. Yoder, B.K. (2019). Uncertainty, shifting power and credible signals in US — China relations: Why the “Thucydides trap” is real, but limited. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 24(1), 87—104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-019-09606-1
  61. Yu, M., & Zhang, R. (2019). Understanding the recent Sino-U.S. trade conflict. China Economic Journal, 12(2), 160—174. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538963.2019.1605678

补充文件

没有额外的文件显示


版权所有 © Degterev D.A., Ramich M.S., Tsvyk A.V., 2021

Creative Commons License
此作品已接受知识共享署名-非商业性使用 4.0国际许可协议的许可。

##common.cookie##