“TATAR MUSCOVY”: THE CULTURAL AND POLITICAL ASPECT

The article examines the influence of the Golden Horde on various aspects of the life of Russian principalities. The author draws attention to the fact that one of the main principles of the construction of the Moscow state has become ethnic and religious tolerance. Khan Uzbek has a special role in promoting the rise of Moscow as the church capital of the emerging Russian state, which marked the beginning of the history of the Moscow Patriarchate. The khan’s label issued to Metropolitan Theognost in 1326 served as an impetus for the establishment in Moscow of an Orthodox spiritual tradition and the centuries-old activity of the high priests of the Russian Orthodox Church. After the Troubles in the Golden Horde in the middle of the fourteenth century, the intensity of the Ordyn migration to Moscow intensified. Among the Tatar aristocracy a special social stratum of serving Tatars was formed, which through the rite of baptism and gradually assimilated with the Russian ethnos merged with the Moscow population. The strong influence of the Horde principle is found in the organization of military affairs, the fiscal system, Yamsk (transport) service, production and diplomatic protocol, certain behavioral stereotypes, details of everyday life and clothing, royal regalia. In addition, the article points to the wealth of the Moscow toponymy, which has a Turkic or Arabic origin. In the post-Ordin period, Islam and the lifestyle associated with it for a long time directly and indirectly played a significant role in the life of the capital and the entire Moscow state, which, after the fall of Byzantium in 1453 and the formation of the Ottoman Empire, was surrounded by Muslim states. This factor largely predetermined the formation of foreign policy priorities of the state.