Mathematical analysis of a Markovian multi-server feedback queue with a variant of multiple vacations, balking and reneging

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Abstract

In this paper, we analyze a multi-server queue with customers’ impatience and Bernoulli feedback under a variant of multiple vacations. On arrival, a customer decides whether to join or balk the system, based on the observation of the system size as well as the status of the servers. It is supposed that customer impatience can arise both during busy and vacation period because of the long wait already experienced in the system. The latter can be retained via certain mechanism used by the system. The feedback occurs as returning a part of serviced customers to get a new service. The queue under consideration can be used to model the processes of information transmission in telecommunication networks. We develop the Chapman-Kolmogorov equations for the steady-state probabilities and solve the differential equations by using the probability generating function method. In addition, we obtain explicit expressions of some important system characteristics. Different queueing indices are derived such as the probabilities when the servers are in different states, the mean number of customers served per unit of time, and the average rates of balking and reneging.

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1. Introduction Queueing models with server vacation have been efficiently studied by many researchers in the last decades and successfully applied in various practical problems such as telecommunication system design and control, manufacturing industries, and other related systems. There are two basic vacation queueing models namely, multiple vacation, and single vacation. In multiple vacation © Bouchentouf A.A., MedjahriL., BoualemM., KumarA., 2022 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ queueing models, the server continues to take successive vacations until it finds at least one customer waiting in a queue at a vacation completion epoch [1], [2]. Nevertheless, in single vacation queueing models, the server precisely takes one vacation between two consecutive busy periods. These two types of vacation models were first introduced by Levy and Yechiali [3]. Eminent literature on the subject is found in [4]-[8] and others. Over the past few years, queueing models with Bernoulli feedback have increasingly attracted the attention of many researchers [9]-[14]. Taking into account the feedback effect makes it possible to bring the considered models closer to a real situation, where the claims once serviced may require repeat service for different reasons. For example, in communication networks erroneously transmitted, a data is retransmitted. In recent years, a growing body of literature has emerged on the analysis of queueing systems with impatient customers [15]. This is due to their potential applications in many related areas, see for instance [16], [17]. Balking is one form of impatience, which is the reluctance of a customer to join a queue upon arrival [18], [19]. The other forms are reneging, the reluctance to remain in line after joining and waiting, and jockeying between lines when each of a number of parallel lines has its own queue [20], [21]. When the impatience becomes sufficiently strong, the manager of the firm concerned has to take some measures to diminish the congestion to levels that customers can tolerate. In most queueing situations, customers seem to get discouraged from receiving service when the server is absent and tend to leave the system without receiving service. This phenomenon is very precisely observed when the server is on vacation. This results in a potential loss of customers and customer goodwill for a service provider. For a comprehensive overview of the subject, authors may refer to [22]-[29]. Most of the literature mentioned here studies reneging during the vacation state of the server. However, in many real-life situations, the abandonment may occur even when the system is in the busy state. For instance, incoming customers can not have any information about the state of the server, or when they are not satisfied with the service time (in particular, when they find that the server takes too much time to serve the customers). This paper contributes in this sense. In fact, only a few research papers have been done treating this case [9]-[12], [30]. In this paper, we provide the analysis of a multi-server feedback queue with a variant multiple vacation policy, balking and server’s states-dependent reneging. When all the customers present in the system have been served, the servers immediately leave for a vacation. If they return from a vacation to find an empty queue, they leave for another vacation; otherwise, the servers, synchronously, return to serve the queue. These latter are permitted to take a finite number, say

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About the authors

Amina Angelika Bouchentouf

Djillali Liabes University of Sidi Bel Abbes

Author for correspondence.
Email: bouchentouf_amina@yahoo.fr
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8972-4221

Full Professor, Professor of Mathematics

22000, Algeria

Latifa Medjahri

University of Tlemcen

Email: l.medjahri@yahoo.fr

Faculty Member at Abou Bekr Belkaid University of Tlemcen

B.P. 119, 13000, Algeria

Mohamed Boualem

University of Bejaia

Email: robertt15dz@yahoo.fr
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9414-714X

Full Professor, Professor of Applied Mathematics at the Department of Technology

06000, Algeria

Amit Kumar

Chandigarh University, Mohali (Punjab)

Email: amitk251@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5347-1808

Assistant Professor at the Department of Mathematics

Pin No-140413, India

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Copyright (c) 2022 Bouchentouf A.A., Medjahri L., Boualem M., Kumar A.

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