Молекулярно-генетические сигнатуры плоскоклеточного рака головы и шеи и их изменения, индуцированные протонным облучением

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Плоскоклеточный рак головы и шеи (ПРГШ) занимает седьмое место в десятке наиболее распространенных злокачественных новообразований в мире. Отмечается рост общей заболеваемости ПРГШ, и прогнозируется, что к 2030 году она будет увеличиваться примерно на 30 % ежегодно. Клинически ПРГШ характеризуется агрессивным течением: быстрым локальным распространением, резистентностью к различным методам противоопухолевого лечения и частыми рецидивами. Несмотря на усовершенствования диагностических и терапевтических подходов за последние два десятилетия, главным образом из-за соответствующей гетерогенности этих опухолей исходы пациентов с ПРГШ не показали существенных улучшений, особенно в отношении пациентов с поздней стадией TNM, с общей пятилетней выживаемостью составляющей 50 %. Примерно 75 % пациентов ПРГШ назначается лучевая терапия в качестве самостоятельного вида терапии или в составе комплексного лечения. На сегодняшний день одним из основных путей повышения эффективности лучевой терапии при ПРГШ считается сочетание максимально допустимого повышения дозы облучения в опухоли-мишени и снижения при минимизации таковой в окружающих здоровых тканях. С этой точки зрения протонная терапия (ПТ) обладает выраженным преимуществом по сравнению с различными видами фотонного облучения. Несмотря на растущий интерес ученых к ПТ, исследований, направленны на выявление молекулярно-генетических изменений, индуцированных ПТ, недостаточно, тогда как, на наш взгляд, они очень важны для понимания внутриклеточных механизмов, ведущих либо к уничтожению опухолевых клеток, либо к развитию радиорезистентности. В данном обзоре обобщены имеющиеся знания об изменениях основных сигнальных путей опухолевых клеток ПРГШ под действием ПТ.

Об авторах

Э. Д. Джуманиязова

Российский университет дружбы народов

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: enar2017@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8226-0433
SPIN-код: 1780-5326
г. Москва, Российская Федерация

А. В. Лохонина

Российский университет дружбы народов; Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова

Email: enar2017@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8077-2307
SPIN-код: 4521-2250
г. Москва, Российская Федерация

А. В. Сентябрева

Российский университет дружбы народов; Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского

Email: enar2017@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5064-219X
SPIN-код: 6966-9959
г. Москва, Российская Федерация

А. М. Косырева

Российский университет дружбы народов; Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского

Email: enar2017@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6182-1799
SPIN-код: 5421-5520
г. Москва, Российская Федерация

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1. Figure 1. Proton therapy effects on cancer cells

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