Transforming growth factor beta-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in the recovery and formation of skin scars

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Abstract

Relevance. Scars are multi-tissue structures that significantly reduce the quality of life of the young, able-bodied population. The most socially significant variants are represented by hypertrophic and keloid postoperative scars and scars after burns, atrophic scars after acne vulgaris and striae. Growth factors, which are also used for their treatment, play a significant role in their formation and progression. The aim of this work is to summarize data on the participation of growth factors (transforming growth factor beta-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor) in the formation of a hypertrophic or atrophic scar. Materials and Methods. The study of literary sources of scientometric scientific bases was carried out. Results and Discussion . The study showed that the duration of the scarring phases preceding it is of great importance in scar formation, their prolongation leads to chronic inflammation and the attachment of an autoimmune component, an increase in the number of myofibroblasts due to inhibition of apoptosis and an increase in the synthesis of intercellular substance and immature forms of collagen, as well as thinning of the epidermis over scar. Growth factors such as growth factor beta-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor are capable of shifting the balance of these two main pathways or towards proliferative processes, contributing to an increase in the number of blood vessels in the hemomicrocirculatory bed, the number of mast cells and total cellularity, as well as, in some cases, the synthesis of keloid - that is, the formation of a hypertrophic or keloid scar. On the contrary, the prevalence of inflammatory processes leads to a decrease in cellularity, a decrease in blood vessels and intercellular substance, as well as damage to elastin and collagen fibers, forming the phenotype of an atrophic scar or striae. Conclusion. Growth factors play a key role in scar formation, contributing to an increase in the number of blood vessels in the hemomicrocirculatory bed, the number of mast cells and total cellularity, as well as, in some cases, the synthesis of keloid - that is, the formation of a hypertrophic or keloid scar.

About the authors

Varvara G. Nikonorova

Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology

Author for correspondence.
Email: bgnikon@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9453-4262
Ufa, Russian Federation

Vladimir V. Chrishtop

Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology

Email: bgnikon@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9267-5800
Ufa, Russian Federation

Tatyana A. Rumyantseva

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: bgnikon@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8035-4065
Ufa, Russian Federation

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Copyright (c) 2021 Nikonorova V.G., Chrishtop V.V., Rumyantseva T.A.

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