Невежливость в интернете на фоне Covid-19: социальная разобщенность и неверные представления о туристической индустрии в Польше

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Самоизоляция и иные ограничительные меры, введенные по всему миру после вспышки коронавируса, нанесли серьезный удар по индустрии туризма и гостиничному бизнесу. Туристические компании, столкнувшиеся с банкротством и последующим закрытием, выразили обеспокоенность и призвали власти оказать им поддержку, что, в свою очередь, вызвало многочисленные комментарии в сети. В данной статье анализируются подобного рода онлайн-дискурсы и многочисленные проявления невежливости, рассматриваются различные аспекты взаимосвязи между кризисом, онлайн-коммуникацией и социальной поляризацией, а также между конститутивной и конституируемой природой дискурса. Мы внимательно изучили реакцию онлайн-аудитории на обращения туристической индустрии исходя из предположения, что эти интернет-комментарии с точки зрения формы и содержания в значительной степени сформированы тремя факторами, а именно (1) общественным восприятием туристической индустрии, (2) культурно-эмоциональными особенностями, а также (3) техно-дискурсивным дизайном и соответствующей динамикой коммуникации в киберпространстве. Опираясь на концепцию проксимизации в СМИ, положения критического дискурс-анализа и результаты исследований онлайн-коммуникации, мы проанализировали корпус онлайн-комментариев, состоящий из 53043 слов, и 21 статью о кризисе туристической индустрии Польши за период с 6 марта по 23 июня 2020 года. Наши результаты показали, что реакция онлайн-общественности, которая является преимущественно негативной, а иногда и враждебной, отражает социально-политическую поляризацию в Польше, усиленную ощущением угрозы жизни и здоровью, а также нехваткой ресурсов. Киберпространство и его технологические возможности существенно влияют на динамику как солидарности, так и разобщенности через репрезентативную и межличностную близость, позволяющую создавать и закреплять стереотипы наряду с ценностями и эмоциями. Выступая в качестве инструментов проксимизации, стратегии номинации, предикации и аргументации отражают и формируют знания и аксиологические предпочтения, которые играют важную роль в конструировании социальной реальности.

Об авторах

Моника Копытовска

Лодзинский университет

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: monika.kopytowska@uni.lodz.pl

доцент кафедры прагматики Лодзинского университета, Польша. Область ее научных интересов - медиадискурс, прагмариторические аспекты освещения конфликтов, этничность и религия в СМИ. Является автором и соредактором ряда международных публикаций, среди которых: Contemporary Discourses of Hate and Radicalism across Space and Genres, Benjamins, 2017 (совместно с Y. Kalyango), Languages, Cultures, Media, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (совместно с C. Karner), National Identity and Europe in Times of Crisis, Emerald, 2017 (совместно с P. Chilton), Religion, Language and Human Mind. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. Является главным редактором журнала Lodz Papers in Pragmatics (издательство De Gruyter).

Лодзь, Польша

Радослав Краковяк

Туристическое агентство Impuls Travel

Email: radoslaw.krakowiak@wp.pl

окончил Варшавскую академию гостеприимства, общественного питания и туризма. Работает в сфере туризма с 1999 года. Специализируется на корпоративном туризме и организации мероприятий. В настоящее время директор по деловому туризму в компании «Импульс» Трэвел.

Варшава, Польша

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© Копытовска М., Краковяк Р., 2020

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