The article envisages principle international and internal political problems and challenges that are faced by the Islamic world in the context of contemporary world politics. Particular attention is being paid to specific internal processes within the Islamic world and countries included thereto. The article revises the experience of Iran and Turkey in modernization and reforming which are in turn considered as main strategic ways to overcome problems and challenges typical for the Islamic world including the international component.

Islamic world, Moslem population, Islamic economy, Islamic political organizations, modernization