Vol 5, No 3 (2018)

In the article the main directions of long-term forecasts of scientific and technological development are considered, within the framework of which the forecast and futurological approach is singled out. Their synergy in the methodology of foresight is revealed, and its positive features in relation to the previous directions are also presented. In addition, such approaches to the forecasting of the scientific and technological sphere as genetic have been explored; normative; oriented on the development of basic technologies and based on the current socio-economic needs of people. The practice of foreign countries related to the identification of critical technologies on the basis of modeled forecasts in relation to which state support is carried out is considered. The main tendencies in the field of data processing are determined, which in the future will be actively used in the formation of long-term forecasts of scientific and technological development.

The main challenge for the Russian health care system is the need to solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of the financial mechanism while reducing the amount of public funding. The transition to single-channel financing was accompanied by a worsening of the financial situation in many medical organizations, which was caused by such factors as the declining funding of the industry and the increase in prices for medicines, medical equipment, consumables, accompanied by the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions. Only for Federal healthcare institutions have changes in the sources of public funding really played a negative role, but this was due to shortcomings in the organizational work on the transition to a single-channel system.

In this work the study of foreign practice of the organization of health financing, identified the predominant sources of health financing in the international practice, noted the benefits of budget financing.

The article is devoted to methods of overcoming the constraints that impede the implementation of the concept of the transition of the Russian economy to the path of innovative development. Mechanisms of technology transfer and construction of industrial cooperation chains are considered. The introduction and mass replication of these mechanisms will provide wide opportunities for monitoring and financing innovations, will increase the openness of domestic technologies, will provide access to technology for the subjects of the Russian economy, improve the interaction of industrial and scientific enterprises, and, as a result, will promote the use of Russian technologies in production. The technique of technology transfer containing the description of the transfer process, the key needs of its main participants, as well as the implemented set of software tools and services is considered in the article. At the same time, the level of influence of risks and the degree of impact of the main constraints that complicate the transition of the Russian economy to the path of innovative development will reduce.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the role of the French state in coordination and different forms of stimulation of foreign trade at the present stage. It should be noted that the role of government assistance to French business does not only become weak, but is also expanding and becoming more complex due to the comprehensive assistance to medium and large businesses in entering foreign markets. That is the reason of the urgent problem associated with the presence of a reliable intermediary, which will coordinate the work of the enterprise in the country and help to adapt to new commercial conditions, significantly reducing the costs associated with the opening of business in other cities and countries.

Fiscal regulation of activities of the Russian fishery enterprises needs enhancement. The research purpose is a development of a package of measures for effective tax incentives of accounting enterprises of a fishery complex. Materials of a research include regulations, statistical data. Methods of a research are a monographic method, observation, comparison, the analysis. The author researched key indicators of activities of a fishery complex of Russia. The author estimated the mode in the form of a single agricultural tax for the fishery enterprises and analyzed tax innovations for them. Following the results of a research the author recommends the directions of tax policy concerning the fishery sector of economy at the macrolevel and microlevel. Author's offers at the macrolevel include measures for the sector of commodity fish breeding and the fishing enterprises. The first group of measures includes the using of a single agricultural tax without restrictions, with the voluntary right to charge the VAT. The second group of measures includes preserving the right to apply a single agricultural tax on condition of implementation of capital investments (including – innovative type) or using of tax preferences within the general system of the taxation. At the microlevel the author offers implementation of system of tax management with use of investment tax benefits.