Transformation of BRICS logistics networks under the influence of Chinese port expansion

In the context of global transformation of trade and economic relations and the restructuring of international logistics chains, the study of China’s role as a key driver of integration processes within BRICS becomes particularly relevant. This research is dedicated to a comprehensive analysis of the impact of Chinese economic expansion on the development of transport and logistics infrastructure in the member countries, which presents significant scientific and practical interest in the context of forming a new architecture of international economic relations. The study conducts a detailed analysis of China’s investment activities in the infrastructure projects of BRICS countries, with a particular focus on the “Belt and Road” initiative as a systemic element of the modern logistics system in Eurasia. The methodological framework of the study includes: a comparative analysis of the economic strategies of the participating countries, an assessment of the effectiveness of logistics systems through the lens of the LPI index, statistical analysis of commodity flows, and expert evaluations of the implementation of major infrastructure projects. The results of the study indicate the ambiguous nature of Chinese influence. On one hand, a significant positive effect from Chinese investments has been identified, manifested in the modernization of transport infrastructure, an increase in trade turnover, and enhanced interconnectedness of economies. On the other hand, substantial risks have been discovered, associated with the formation of asymmetric dependence, exacerbation of debt problems, and geopolitical competition. Special attention in this study is given to differentiated strategies for BRICS countries to adapt to Chinese economic expansion. It is shown that while Russia and South Africa demonstrate a high degree of involvement in Chinese infrastructure projects, Brazil and India pursue a more balanced policy, combining cooperation with measures to protect national economic interests. In conclusion, the necessity for developing a coordinated strategy among BRICS countries aimed at diversifying transport routes, developing alternative logistics corridors, and strengthening institutional interaction is justified. Promising areas for further research include issues related to the digitalization of logistics systems and the creation of mechanisms for balanced economic partnership within the union.