No 4 (2012)

In article the problem of antimissile defense in the Russian-American relations is considered in connection with an output the USA from the Contract on antimissile defense of 1972 and plans of creation of national and European system antimissile defense.

Reasons of the address are considered at article to antique themes, political and theoretical bases of the interpretations to antique history at the end XVII – begin XVIII age, on base of the analysis of the works English historian Walter Moyle. At the beginning initially XVIII attention in political pamphlet and history is carried all more on condition society and all concentrate on action «tyrant» or shame rulers less. The Problem to corruptions, from problem philosophical gradually and moral, to condition of the political struggle received the political colouration. In these condition, the interest to antique history has gained not only edigying-moral, but also political meaning.

This article is dedicated to the commercial links of the Caucasian towns that were conquered by the Arabs and became a part of the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258) and to their great role as the mediators in the Arabs’ trade with the northern countries such as Russia, Scandinavia and the towns of the Volga River basin. Geographic position of the Caucasus on the crossroads of Europe and Asia determined its economic and political importance for the Arab Caliphate that was striving for control over such popular trade routes as Volga-Caspian and a branch of a well-known rout «from Varangians to Greeks» called «from Varangians to Arabs». The period of the Arab rule over the Caucasus is also characterized by the introduction of the brand new socio-economic institutions developed in the central parts of the Caliphate.