Two-queue polling system as a model of an integrated access and backhaul network node in half-duplex mode

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Abstract

Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) technology facilitates the establishment of a compact network by utilizing repeater nodes rather than fully equipped base stations, which subsequently minimizes the expenses associated with the transition towards next-generation networks. The majority of studies focusing on IAB networks rely on simulation tools and the creation of discrete-time models. This paper introduces a mathematical model for the boundary node in an IAB network functioning in half-duplex mode. The proposed model is structured as a polling service system with a dual-queue setup, represented as a random process in continuous time, and is examined through the lens of queueing theory, integral transforms, and generating functions (GF). As a result, analytical expressions were obtained for the GF, marginal distribution, as well as the mean and variance of the number of requests in the queues, which correspond to packets pending transmission by the relay node via access and backhaul channels.

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1. Introduction To simplify and reduce the cost of deploying dense 5G networks, standardizing organizations have proposed various technologies, one of which is Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) [1]. This technology enables telecom operators to seamlessly transition to 5G-compliant networks by utilizing cost-effective relay nodes that implement wireless relay instead of fully-equipped base stations. By implementing a network with IAB technology, consisting of backbone and relay nodes, operators can meet the limitations of 5G standards and have the flexibility to upgrade relay nodes with access to the backbone network in the future, ultimately enhancing the quality of service for users. Integrated Access and Backhaul is one of the approved objectives of the 17th Release of the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) [2]. In IAB, a small number of backbone base stations (BSs) are connected to the existing fibre-optic network infrastructure. The remaining BSs transmit backhaul traffic over wireless channels [3]. Figure 1. IAB network fragment in the form of a spanning tree In comparison to LTE-Advanced, IAB is a more advanced solution that supports multi-hop, dynamic resource multiplexing, and plug-and-play design, significantly reducing the complexity of network deployment. Given the aforementioned benefits of IAB technology, the design of an efficient and high-performance 5G/6G network incorporating this technology has become a pressing research topic. As such, further exploration and utilization of IAB within the context of 5G/6G networks holds immense potential for enhancing network capabilities and improving overall user experience [4]. The IAB technology, along with its characteristics and operational mechanisms, has been investigated from multiple perspectives. Research efforts have addressed challenges such as routing in multi-hop networks [5, 6], the selection of optimal network topology [7], and efficient resource allocation [8]. In addition, advanced beamforming techniques have been explored [9], while the development of data channel management policies for latency control [10] and the establishment of network stability conditions that maximize throughput have also been studied [11, 12]. Furthermore, frequency reuse using graph coloring methods has been investigated [13]. Moreover, one study constructs a mathematical model of the IAB edge node as a Markov process and analyzes packet transmission delays [14], while another work develops a simulation model of the IAB edge node [15]. Complementary research includes the construction of mathematical models for IAB networks incorporating blockage effects [16], mean and the formulation of queuing system models to represent the number of users at an IAB node [17]. Figure 1 shows an example of the IAB network topology in the form of a spanning tree, with the IAB-donor reference base station (BS) located at the root vertex. The remaining IAB nodes in the network are branch vertices and leaf vertices. The focus of this study is on the IAB boundary node, which corresponds to the leaf vertex in the tree. The subject of the study is the packet flow that passes through this node. Due to the separation of downlink and uplink channels, a mathematical model has been proposed in the form of a polling service system [18-23]. Data packets will be associated with requests, and the IAB boundary node will correspond to a server. Downlink traffic from the parent node to the current node and from the current node to user equipments (UEs) will be directed to queue
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About the authors

Dmitry I. Nikolaev

RUDN University

Email: nikolaev-di@rudn.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-5885-8566
Scopus Author ID: 58971412800
ResearcherId: LEM-8084-2024

Master’s degree student of Department of Probability Theory and Cybersecurity

6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation

Vitalii A. Beschastnyi

RUDN University

Email: beschastnyy-va@rudn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1373-4014
Scopus Author ID: 57192573001
ResearcherId: AAH-7080-2019

Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, assistant professor of Department of Probability Theory and Cybersecurity

6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation

Yuliya V. Gaidamaka

RUDN University; Institute of Informatics Problems

Author for correspondence.
Email: gaydamaka-yuv@rudn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2655-4805
Scopus Author ID: 35106984800
ResearcherId: E-5620-2014

Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, full professor of Department of Probability Theory and Cybersecurity of RUDN University; Senior Researcher of Institute of Informatics Problems of Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” Russian Academy of Sciences

6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation; 44 Vavilova St, bldg 2, Moscow 119333, Russian Federation

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Copyright (c) 2024 Nikolaev D.I., Beschastnyi V.A., Gaidamaka Y.V.

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