Gaitan: The Fate of the Columbian Liberal

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

The article is devoted to the political views, circumstances and consequences of the tragic death of Jorge Eliécer Gaitán (1903-1948) - the most prominent political figure of Colombia in the XX century. The aim of the publication is to analyze on the basis of new sources and materials the ideology and policy of «gaitanismo», the international and regional context of the events of 1948, the beginning of the Cold war in the Western hemisphere, connected with the decisions of the IX Panamerican conference in Bogotá, the attitude of the US authorities towards Gaitan, the investigation of the murder of the prominent Colombian politician. The author comes to the conclusion that in the situation of the Cold war the USA was the main interested party in the Gaitán’s elimination. Truman's administration was determined to suppress not only the Socialist and Communist parties in Latin America, but also the liberalism, focused on national and social goals.

About the authors

Nikolaj Serafimovich Ivanov

Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: nik3334@yandex.ru

senior researcher, Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Secretary of the Center for Latin American studies, Сandidate of Historical Sciences

32A Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119334

References

  1. Galeano E. Muere asesinado en Bogotá, Jorge Eliécer Gaitán // Rebellión. 04.05.2001. URL: https://www.lahaine.org/internacional/historia/mueregaitangaleano.htm (accessing: 12.04.2020).
  2. Versiones del Bogotazo / Ed. by Alape A. et al. Bogotá: Instituto Distrital de las Artes, 2018.
  3. Miranda B. Qué fue el “Bogotazo” que estremeció Colombia hace 70 años y por qué cambió la historia de ese país // La Semana, 09.04.2018.
  4. Minster C. The Bogotazo: Colombia’s Legendary Riot of 1948. URL: https://www.thoughtco.com/the-bogotazo-april-9-1948-2136619 (accessing: 12.04.2020).
  5. “El Bogotazo”, la tarde que cambió la fisonomía de la capital colombiana // El Espectador, 08.04.2018.
  6. Gurtov M. Voting Against Peace in Colombia // Counterpunch. 31.10.2016.
  7. Il’ina N.G. Kolumbiya: reformy vmesto revolyucii // Istoriya Latinskoj Ameriki (1918–1945). M.: Nauka, 1999. S. 353 (Ilina N.G. Colombia: reforms instead of revolution // History of Latin America (1918–1945). Moscow: Nauka, 1999.
  8. Marquez G.G. Sto let odinochestva. M.: Eksmo, 2003. (Márquez G.G. One hundred years of solitude. Moscow: Eksmo, 2003).
  9. Wolf P. Colombian «Magnicidio» Remains a Mystery After 60 Years // Counterpunch. 09.04.2008. URL: https://www.counterpunch.org/2008/04/09/colombian-quot-magnicidio-quot-remains-a-mystery-after-60-years/ (accessing: 12.04.2020).
  10. Montaña C.D. Colombia: país formal y país real. Bogotá: Suramérica, 1963.
  11. Henao Hidrón J. Uribe Uribe y Gaitán, caudillos del pueblo. Medellín: L. Vieco e Hijas Ltda, 2010.
  12. Gaitán J.E. Antología de su pensamiento económico y social. Bogotá: Ediciones Desde Abajo, 2012.
  13. Gaitán G. Once ensayos sobre La Violencia. Bogotá: Fondo Editorial CEREC, 1998.
  14. Sharpless R. Gaitán of Colombia: A Political Biography. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1978.
  15. Kline H.F. Colombia: Modified Two-Party and Elitist Politics // Latin American Politics and Development / Ed. by H.J. Warda, H.F. Kline. Routledge, 2018.
  16. Herring H. History of Latin America. Alfred A Knopf, 1967.
  17. Hernández García J.Á. La Guerra Civil Española y Colombia: influencia del principal conflicto mundial de entreguerras en Colombia. Bogotá: Editorial Carrera 7a, 2006.
  18. Fluharty V.L. Dance of the Millions: Military Rule and the Social Revolution in Colombia, 1930–1956. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1975.
  19. Uldrich J. Soldier, statesman, peacemaker: Leadership lessons from George C. Marshall. Amacom, 2005.
  20. Pogue F.C. George C. Marshall. Vol. 4. Statesman, 1945–1959. Viking. 1987.
  21. Coleman B. Colombia and the United States: The making of an inter-American alliance Kent: Kent State University Press, 2002.
  22. Alexander R. Communism in Latin America. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1963.
  23. Anti-Americanism in Latin America and the Caribbean. Ed. by A. McPherson. Bergham Books, 2006.
  24. Gonzalez S. La CIA, Fidel Castro, el Bogotazo y el nuevo orden mundial: la guerra psicológica contra América Latina. Hayward (Ca.): SpooksBooks, 2016.
  25. LaFeber W. America, Russia, and the Cold War, 1945–1984. McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2008.
  26. Mnogostoronnyaya diplomatiya v bipolyarnoj sisteme mezhdunarodnyh otnoshenij. M.: Universitet D. Pozharskogo, 2012. S. 104–107 (Multilateral diplomacy in the bipolar system of international relations). Pozharsky University, 2012.
  27. Mataron a Gaitán: 60 Años / Ed. by Ayala C., Cruz H., Casallas J. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2009.
  28. «El Tiempo», Bogotá. 15.12.2000.
  29. Gaitán G. La CIA asesinó a Gaitán // Iniciativa radical. 14.09.2017. URL: http://iniciativaradical.org/web/?p=5527 (accessing: 12.04.2020).
  30. Marquez G.G. Zhit’, chtoby rasskazyvat’ o zhizni. M.: Astrel’, 2014. C. 295 (Márquez G.G. Live in order to tell about the life). M.: Astrel’, 2014.
  31. Davis J. Distant events shape the craft of intelligence: the Bogatazo // Studies in Intelligence. Vol. 13, Fall 1969.
  32. Braun H. Mataron a Gaitán: Vida Pública y Violencia Urbana en Colombia. Bogotá: Grupo Editorial Norma, 2008.
  33. Roldán M. Blood and Fire: La Violencia in Antioquía, Colombia, 1946–1953. Durham: Duke University Press, 2002.
  34. Galvis C.A. The Heart of the War in Colombia. L.: Kumarian Press, 2000.
  35. Henderson J.D. When Colombia Bled: A History of the “Violencia” in Tolima. Touscaloosa: University Alabama Press, 2010.
  36. Istoriya Latinskoj Ameriki (vtoraya polovina XX veka). M.: Nauka, 2004. C. 303–313. (History of Latin America (the second half of the XX century). Moscow: Nauka, 2004).
  37. Giraldo Javier S.J. Colombia: The Genocidal Democracy. Monroe: Common Courage Press, 1996.
  38. Almond G., Verba S. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. L.: Sage Publications, 1989.

Copyright (c) 2020 Ivanov N.S.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies