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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8127</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-833X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">48988</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8127-2026-18-1-117-126</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">OOQQPB</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Antique world</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Античный мир</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Gades in the context of Caesar’s civil law policy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гадес в контексте гражданско-правовой политики Цезаря</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-285X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3351-9687</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Levin</surname><given-names>Nikita I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левин</surname><given-names>Никита Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student, senior lecturer department of History of the Ancient World and the Middle Ages named after V.F. Semenov</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, старший преподаватель кафедры истории древнего мира и средних веков им. В.Ф. Семенова</p></bio><email>n.i.levin98@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State Pedagogical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский педагогический государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 18, NO1 (2026)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 18, №1 (2026)</issue-title><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>126</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-17"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Levin N.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Левин Н.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Levin N.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Левин Н.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/48988">https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/48988</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study discusses the issue of the date and prerequisites for Hades to acquire the legal status of a Roman municipality. Based on information from ancient authors and urban inscriptions, an assumption has been made about the period of the emergence of the Roman system of self-government in the city and the granting of municipal status to it. Some researchers are inclined to recognize that Hades received the status of a municipality from Caesar, while others attribute this act to the era of Augustus, seeing Caesar’s activity as an intermediate stage in the formation of the legal status of the city. In the course of the study, the author came to the conclusion that Hades received the status of a municipality in 49 BC under Caesar both as a result of the city’s previous position as an ally of the Roman people, and as part of Caesar’s civil law policy aimed at spreading Roman citizenship in the provinces and integrating local communities into the Roman system of public relations.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Проведено исследование с целью определить дату и предпосылки обретения Гадесом правового статуса римского муниципия. На основе сведений античных авторов и городских надписей сделано предположение о периоде появления римской системы самоуправления в городе и предоставления ему муниципального статуса. Часть исследователей склоняется к признанию получения Гадесом статуса муниципия от Цезаря, а другая относит этот акт к эпохе Августа, видя в деятельности Цезаря промежуточный этап в формировании правового статуса города. Сделан вывод о том, что Гадес получил статус муниципия в 49 г. до н.э. при Цезаре как вследствие предыдущего положения города в качестве союзника римского народа, так и в рамках гражданско-правовой политики Цезаря, направленной на распространение римского гражданства в провинциях и интеграции местных общин в римскую систему общественных отношений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>municipium</kwd><kwd>Hispania</kwd><kwd>Spanish provinces</kwd><kwd>Roman Spain</kwd><kwd>city magistracy</kwd><kwd>legal status</kwd><kwd>civil policy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>municipium</kwd><kwd>Hispania</kwd><kwd>испанские провинции</kwd><kwd>римская Испания</kwd><kwd>городская магистратура</kwd><kwd>правовой статус</kwd><kwd>гражданская политика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Utchenko SL. YUlii Cezar’. [Julius Caesar]. 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