<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8127</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-833X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">48983</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8127-2026-18-1-44-58</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">PEKHRA</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Modern World</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Современный мир</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The use of historical politics in interparty competition in contemporary India: the transformation of Indira Gandhi image in 2014-2019</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Историческая политика в межпартийной борьбе в современной Индии: трансформация образа Индиры Ганди в 2014-2019 гг.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5255-8773</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">HTN-3351-2023</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3654-2377</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antasheva</surname><given-names>Mariia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анташева</surname><given-names>Мария Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>lecturer, School of International Regional Studies, Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs, expert, Centre for Strategic Analysis and Big Data, Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>преподаватель департамента зарубежного регионоведения факультета мировой экономики и мировой политики, эксперт центра стратегической аналитики и больших данных Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний</p></bio><email>msantasheva@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University “Higher School of Economics”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 18, NO1 (2026)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 18, №1 (2026)</issue-title><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-17"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Antasheva M.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Анташева М.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Antasheva M.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Анташева М.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/48983">https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/48983</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The perception of key leaders in Indian modern history and its transformation within the contemporary political landscape constitutes a significant element of the political struggle between the country’s two major parties - the Indian National Congress (INC) and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Since coming to power, the BJP has consistently pursued a strategy of historical revisionism aimed at reassessing established narratives about INC leaders. This study focuses on examining the transformation of Indira Gandhi’s public image using digital big data analysis methods, including sentiment analysis of texts from major Indian English-language media sources from 2014 to 2019. The research hypothesis states that critical discourse concerning Indira Gandhi intensified following the BJP’s rise to power, with a particular surge in criticism during election periods, when historical figures are instrumentalized as tools of political contention. The application of sentiment analysis enabled the identification of periods of peak criticism of Indira Gandhi, which correlated with anniversary dates and election campaigns. The findings revealed an almost symmetrical distribution of positive and negative sentiment, indicating a polarization of views among Indian intellectual elites, who constitute the primary readership of the analyzed English-language media. The results of the media discourse analysis aligned with the outcomes of the 2024 parliamentary elections when BJP encountered substantial opposition resistance and got fewer Lok Sabha seats than expected. This study confirms the efficacy of digital methods for analyzing political processes and demonstrates that historical politics has become a key arena of contemporary political contestation in India.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Восприятие ключевых лидеров новейшей истории Индии и его трансформация в современной политической среде является значимым элементом политической борьбы между двумя крупнейшими партиями страны - Индийским национальным конгрессом (ИНК) и Бхаратия джаната парти (БДП). С приходом к власти БДП последовательно проводит стратегию исторического ревизионизма, направленную на пересмотр устоявшихся нарративов о лидерах ИНК. С использованием цифровых методов анализа больших данных, включая сентимент-анализ текстов из крупнейших индийских англоязычных СМИ за период 2014-2019 гг. изучалась трансформация образа Индиры Ганди. Гипотеза исследования заключается в том, что критический дискурс в отношении Индиры Ганди возрастает с приходом БДП к власти, а активизация критики приходится на предвыборные периоды, когда исторические фигуры используются в качестве инструмента политической борьбы. Метод сентимент-анализа позволил определить периоды наибольшей критики Индиры Ганди, связанные с юбилейными датами и предвыборными кампаниями. Результаты исследования показали практически симметричное распределение позитивного и негативного сентимента, что свидетельствует о поляризации мнений относительно исторического наследия лидеров ИНК среди индийских интеллектуальных элит - основных читателей анализируемых англоязычных СМИ. Результаты анализа медиадискурса оказались созвучны итогам парламентских выборов 2024 г., когда БДП столкнулась с серьезным сопротивлением оппозиции, получив меньшее количество мест, чем ожидалось. Исследование подтверждает эффективность использования цифровых методов для анализа политических процессов и демонстрирует, что историческая политика становится ключевой сферой современной политической борьбы в Индии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Narendra Modi</kwd><kwd>Hindu Nationalism</kwd><kwd>Historical Policy</kwd><kwd>Indian National Congress</kwd><kwd>Bharatiya Janata Party</kwd><kwd>Big Data</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Нарендра Моди</kwd><kwd>индусский национализм</kwd><kwd>Индийский национальный конгресс</kwd><kwd>Бхаратия джаната парти</kwd><kwd>большие данные</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The article was prepared within the framework of the Basic Research Program of the HSE University</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lau RR, Rovner IB. Negative campaigning. Annual Review of Political Science. 2009;12:285–306. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.071905.101448</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lau R.R., Rovner I.B. Negative campaigning // Annual Review of Political Science. 2009. Vol. 12. P. 285-306. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.071905.101448</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mehta PB. Hindu nationalism: From ethnic identity to authoritarian repression. Studies in Indian Politics. 2022;10(1):31–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/23210230221082828 EDN: IAAFOH</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mehta P.B. Hindu nationalism: From ethnic identity to authoritarian repression // Studies in Indian Politics. 2022. Vol. 10. № 1. P. 31-47. https://doi.org/10.1177/23210230221082828 EDN: IAAFOH</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jaffrelot C, Verniers G. A new party system or a new political system? Contemporary South Asia. 2020;28(2):141–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2020.1765990 EDN: EYMPVY</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jaffrelot C., Verniers G. A new party system or a new political system? // Contemporary South Asia. 2020. Vol. 28. № 2. P. 141-154. https://doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2020.1765990 EDN: EYMPVY</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Çelik H. Kashmir after August 5th decision and its implications for South Asia. RUDN Journal of World History. 2020;12(2):99–111. https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2020-12-2-99-111 EDN: DKGZHZ</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Челик Х. Решение парламента Индии от 5 августа 2019 г. по Кашмиру и его последствия для Южной Азии // Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история. 2020. Т. 12. № 2. C. 99-111. https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2020-12-2-99-111 EDN: DKGZHZ</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neyazi TA. Cultural imperialism or vernacular modernity? Hindi newspapers in a globalizing India. Media, Culture &amp; Society. 2010;32(6):907–924. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443710379664</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neyazi T.A. Cultural imperialism or vernacular modernity? Hindi newspapers in a globalizing India // Media, Culture &amp; Society. 2010. Vol. 32. № 6. P. 907-924. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443710379664</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kruglova EV. Some aspects of political leadership in India. RUDN Journal of Political Science. 2008;(3):3–15. (In Russ.). EDN: JKGYZZ</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Круглова Е.В. Некоторые особенности политического лидерства в Индии // Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология. 2008. № 3. C. 3-15. EDN: JKGYZZ</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baru S. India’s Power Elite: Class, Caste and a Cultural Revolution. New Delhi: Penguin Random House India (Viking), 2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baru S. India’s power elite: class, caste and a cultural revolution. New Delhi : Penguin Random House India (Viking), 2021. 264 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Velichkin SV. Foreign policy of India as the reflection of change in its ruling elite. Journal of International Analytics. 2024;15(1):191–209. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2024-15-1-191-209 EDN: HTEJPI</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Величкин С.В. Внешняя политика Индии как отражение изменений в индийской правящей элите // Международная аналитика. 2024. Т. 15. № 1. С. 191-209. https://doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2024-15-1-191-209 EDN: HTEJPI</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beri S, Schneickert C. Social structure and globalization of political and economic elites in India. Transcience. 2016;7(1):115–130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beri S., Schneickert C. Social structure and globalization of political and economic elites in India // Transcience. 2016. Vol. 7. № 1. P. 115-130.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guha R. India After Gandhi: The History of the World’s Largest Democracy. Pan Macmillan, 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guha R. India after Gandhi: the history of the world’s largest democracy. Pan Macmillan, 2007. 952 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jaffrelot C. Modi’s India: Hindu Nationalism and the Rise of Ethnic Democracy. Princeton University Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1dc9jzx</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jaffrelot C. Modi’s India: Hindu nationalism and the rise of ethnic democracy. Princeton University Press, 2021. 656 p. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1dc9jzx</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh A. The great transition in Indian museums: from NMML to PMML. The Journal of Indian and Asian Studies. 2024;5(2):2440002. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2717541324400023 EDN: OGDKIW</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh A. The great transition in Indian museums: from NMML to PMML // The Journal of Indian and Asian Studies. 2024. Vol. 5. № 2. P. 2440002. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2717541324400023 EDN: OGDKIW</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solodkova OL. The Increase of the Christian community in India and Hindutva. RUDN Journal of World History. 2015;(3):30–39. (In Russ.). EDN: ULXYAL</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Солодкова О.Л. Рост христианской общины в Индии и хиндутва // Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история. 2015. № 3. C. 30-39. EDN: ULXYAL</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sridharan E. The state of the two major parties: BJP and Congress. In: Ganguly S, Mistree D, Diamond L, eds. The troubling state of India’s democracy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; 2024. P. 50–62. https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.12750150</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sridharan E. The state of the two major parties: BJP and Congress // The Troubling State of India’s Democracy / ed. by S. Ganguly, D. Mistree, L. Diamond. University of Michigan Press, 2024. P. 50-62. https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.12750150</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glushkova IP. India: media phenomenon of “Hurt sentiments” as the political project. Political Science. 2013;(2):48–80. (In Russ.). EDN: QZHTSJ</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глушкова И.П. Индия: медиафеномен «оскорбленных чувств» как политический проект // Политическая наука. 2013. № 2. C. 48-80. EDN: QZHTSJ</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solodkova OL, Antasheva MS. The new historical politics and criticism of Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi in contemporary Indian press. Asia and Africa Today. 2022;(4):20–28. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31857/S032150750017717-0 EDN: ZTWCGJ</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Солодкова О.Л., Анташева М.С. Новая историческая политика и критика Джавахарлала Неру и Индиры Ганди в современной индийской прессе // Азия и Африка сегодня. 2022. № 4. C. 20-28. https://doi.org/10.31857/S032150750017717-0 EDN: ZTWCGJ</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
