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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8127</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-833X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">46291</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8127-2025-17-3-402-419</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">SHZBEL</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE HISTORY OF PRE-COLUMBIAN AMERICA</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ ДОКОЛУМБОВОЙ АМЕРИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Military and political expansion of Uaxactun in the beginning of the Early Classic (4th century AD)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Военно-политическая экспансия Вашактуна в начале раннеклассического периода (IV в.)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6609-2302</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4705-6569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Beliaev</surname><given-names>Dmitri Dmitrievich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in History, Associated Professor, Knorozov Center for Mesoamerican studies, Faculty of History, Russian State University for the Humanities; senior research fellow, International Centre of Anthropology, National Research University Higher School of Economics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент Мезоамериканского центра имени Ю.В. Кнорозова исторического факультета, Российский государственный гуманитарный университет; старший научный сотрудник Международного центра антропологии, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</p></bio><email>lakamha@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2121-1136</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5898-0440</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Safronov</surname><given-names>Alexander Vladimirovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафронов</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in History, Associated Professor of the Department of Ancient History of the Faculty of History</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры истории древнего мира исторического факультета</p></bio><email>alexsafronov@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian State University for the Humanities</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Antiquity in the Mediterranean Region and pre-Columbian America</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Древность Средиземноморья и доколумбовой Америки</issue-title><fpage>402</fpage><lpage>419</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-04"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Beliaev D.D., Safronov A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Беляев Д.Д., Сафронов А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Beliaev D.D., Safronov A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беляев Д.Д., Сафронов А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/46291">https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/46291</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The subject of the study is related to the study of the dynastic history of Uaxactun, one of the most important political centers of the ancient Maya of the Late Formative and Early Classic periods. The relevance of the study is due to a new analysis of hieroglyphic inscriptions, conducted within the framework of a comprehensive program of redocumentation of Uaxactun monuments, carried out by the Regional Archaeological Project under the direction of prof. Milan Kovač (University of Bratislava), which allowed us to propose a new reconstruction of the history of Uaxactun. The study aims to reconstruct the events of the military and political history associated with the Uaxactun dynasty in the 4th cent. AD, based on new epigraphic data. The main part of the study is devoted to the analysis of the hieroglyphic inscriptions of Uaxactun of the 4th cent. AD, based on which previously unknown events of the dynastic history of the city were reconstructed. It was determined that in 323 AD, with the accession of a ruler named “TrophySkull Jaguar“, there was a revival of the Uaxactun dynasty, as indicated on Stela 9. In 356 AD, he was succeeded on the throne by king Tz’akbu-Usiij (356 - c. 375 AD), who undertook a military campaign against El Zotz and other cities in the southwest. Thus, the authors determined that by 370/375 AD, Uaxactun had become one of the most powerful Maya political entities in Central Petén, entering into conflict with Tikal. Around 375 AD, Tzakbu-Usiij was defeated and probably captured by his Tikal rival Chak-Tok-Ich’aak II (360-378 AD). Within the framework of existing concepts, the study’s conclusion is important that the defeat of Uaxactun and the establishment of Tikal’s hegemony in Central Petén could have been one of the main factors that provoked the Teotihuacan invasion of the Central Maya Lowlands in 378 AD.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Тема исследования связана с изучением династической истории Вашактуна - одного из важнейших политических центров древних майя позднего формативного и раннего классического периодов. Актуальность исследования обусловлена новым анализом иероглифических надписей, проведенным в рамках комплексной программы редокументации монументов Вашактуна, осуществленной Региональным археологическим проектом под руководством профессора Милана Ковача (Братиславский университет), что позволило предложить новую реконструкцию истории Вашактуна. Цель исследования - восстановить события военно-политической истории, связанные с династией Вашактуна в IV в., на основании новых эпиграфических данных. Основная часть исследования посвящена анализу иероглифических надписей Вашактуна IV в. н.э., по которым были реконструированы ранее неизвестные события династической истории города. Было определено, что в 323 г. с воцарением правителя по имени «Трофейноголовый Ягуар» происходит возрождение династии Вашактуна, так как это указано на Стеле 9. На троне его сменил царь Цакбу-Усих (356 - ок. 375 г. н.э.), который предпринял военную кампанию против Эль-Соца и других городов на юго-западе. Таким образом, определено, что к 370/375 г. н.э. Вашактун стал одним из наиболее могущественных политических образований майя в Центральном Петене, вступившим в конфликт с Тикалем. Около 375 г. н.э. Цакбу-Усих был побежден и, вероятно, захвачен своим противником из Тикаля Чак-Ток-Ичааком II (360-378 гг. н.э.). В рамках существующих концепций важен вывод исследования, что поражение Вашактуна и установление гегемонии Тикаля в Центральном Петене могло стать одним из главных факторов, спровоцировавших вторжение Теотиуакана в Центральные низменности майя в 378 г. н.э.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ancient Maya</kwd><kwd>epigraphy</kwd><kwd>Early state</kwd><kwd>dynastic history</kwd><kwd>military history</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>древние майя</kwd><kwd>эпиграфика</kwd><kwd>раннее государство</kwd><kwd>династическая история</kwd><kwd>военная история</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Исследование А.В. Сафронова выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 28-25-00652 «Община в цивилизационных моделях древнего Ближнего Востока и Мезоамерики: генезис, структура, региональное своеобразие» https://rscf.ru/project/25-28-00652</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The research work of A.V. Safronov was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation. № 28-25-00652 “Community in the civilizational models of the Ancient Near East and Mesoamerica: genesis, structure, regional specifics” https://rscf.ru/project/25-28-00652</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Morley S. The Inscriptions of Peten. Vol. I. Carnegie Institute of Washington. Publication 437. Washington, D.C., 1938.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Kováč M. 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