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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8127</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-833X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">46288</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8127-2025-17-3-337-355</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">SNPCRQ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LAW AND POWER IN ANCIENT ROME</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАВО И ВЛАСТЬ В ДРЕВНЕМ РИМЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Dating the execution of John the Baptist and the crucifixion of Jesus Christ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Датировка казни Иоанна Крестителя и распятия Иисуса Христа</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2209-5357</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8961-2880</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikishin</surname><given-names>Vladimir O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никишин</surname><given-names>Владимир Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Historical Sciences, Associate professor, Department of History of the Ancient World, Faculty of Historical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры истории древнего мира исторического факультета</p></bio><email>cicero74@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Antiquity in the Mediterranean Region and pre-Columbian America</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Древность Средиземноморья и доколумбовой Америки</issue-title><fpage>337</fpage><lpage>355</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-04"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Nikishin V.O.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Никишин В.О.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikishin V.O.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никишин В.О.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/46288">https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/46288</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study is devoted to clarifying the chronology of such significant events of gospel history as the execution of John the Baptist and the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. The author tries to reconcile the conflicting indications of the sources, primarily the texts of the canonical Gospels and such works of Josephus as “Antiquities of the Jews” and “The Jewish War”, in order to build an internally coherent chronological version of the sequence of events from the beginning of the relationship between Herod Antipas and Herodias until the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that attempts to reconcile the data reported by the evangelists, without criticizing them and accepting as unconditionally true the testimonies about the lives of John the Baptist and Jesus Christ, with the calculations of astronomers and the achievements of archaeologists have reached a dead end today. In this regard, there is a pressing need to once again, as impartially as possible, analyze the entire range of sources in order to finally bring clarity to this long-discussed issue. As a result of the undertaken analysis of sources and literature, the author came to the following conclusions: the romance of Herod Antipas and Herodias began in 34 or a little earlier, John the Baptist was executed in 35, and the crucifixion of Jesus Christ took place on Friday, March 30, 36 AD. The author proceeds from the fact that Christ was born in September 12 BC, when the biblical wise men could observe Halley’s Comet - the most likely prototype of the Star of Bethlehem. In this case, at the time of the crucifixion, Christ should have been 46 full years old, which is indirectly confirmed in two places by the Evangelist John.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследование посвящено уточнению хронологии таких знаковых событий евангельской истории, как казнь Иоанна Крестителя и распятие Иисуса Христа. Автор пытается согласовать противоречивые указания источников, в первую очередь текстов канонических Евангелий и таких произведений Иосифа Флавия, как «Иудейские древности» и «Иудейская война», для построения внутренне целостной хронологической версии последовательности событий от начала отношений между Иродом Антипой и Иродиадой и вплоть до распятия Иисуса Христа. Актуальность исследования заключается в том, что попытки согласовать данные, сообщаемые евангелистами, не подвергая их критике и принимая как безусловно отвечающие действительности свидетельские показания о жизни Иоанна Крестителя и Иисуса Христа, с выкладками астрономов и достижениями археологов на сегодня зашли в тупик. В этой связи назрела необходимость вновь по возможности непредвзято проанализировать весь комплекс источников, чтобы наконец-то внести ясность в давно обсуждаемый вопрос. В результате анализа источников и литературы автор пришел к следующим выводам: роман Ирода Антипы и Иродиады начался в 34 г. или немногим раньше, Иоанн Креститель был казнен в 35 г., а распятие Иисуса Христа произошло в пятницу 30 марта 36 г. Автор исходит из того, что Христос родился в сентябре 12 г. до н.э., когда библейские волхвы могли наблюдать комету Галлея - наиболее вероятный прообраз Вифлеемской звезды. В таком случае на момент распятия Христу должно было быть 46 полных лет, что косвенным образом в двух местах подтверждает евангелист Иоанн.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Herod Antipas</kwd><kwd>Herodias</kwd><kwd>Josephus</kwd><kwd>Aretas IV</kwd><kwd>Pontius Pilate</kwd><kwd>Tiberius</kwd><kwd>Lucius Vitellius</kwd><kwd>Agrippa I</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Ирод Антипа</kwd><kwd>Иродиада</kwd><kwd>Иосиф Флавий</kwd><kwd>Арета IV</kwd><kwd>Понтий Пилат</kwd><kwd>Тиберий</kwd><kwd>Луций Вителлий</kwd><kwd>Агриппа I</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klausner JG. History of the Second Temple. Vol. 5. Jerusalem: Ahiassaf; 1952.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klausner J.G. History of the Second temple. Vol. 5. 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