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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8127</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-833X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">40242</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8127-2024-16-2-165-186</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">EUWZGW</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Oriental Studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Из истории Востока</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Militarization of Culture during Park Chung-hee’s Rule (1961-1979): Focus on South Korean War Movies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Милитаризация культуры в период правления Пак Чонхи (1961-1979) на примере военного кинематографа Республики Корея</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9169-1414</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">GOH-1207-2022</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7549-3100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Starshinov</surname><given-names>Alexander S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старшинов</surname><given-names>Александр Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student at the Institute of Asian and African Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email>alex.starshinov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 16, NO2 (2024)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 16, №2 (2024)</issue-title><fpage>165</fpage><lpage>186</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-07-31"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Starshinov A.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Старшинов А.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Starshinov A.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Старшинов А.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/40242">https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/40242</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study aims to identify the characteristics of South Korean war films as a component of the militarization of culture during Park Chung-hee’s rule (1961-1979). The surge in the popularity of war cinema in the 1960s stemmed from state film policies aimed at fostering the production and consumption of such films, along with heightened interest from both audiences and film companies. However, as the 1960s progressed, state intervention in the film industry increasingly influenced the production dynamics of war films, precipitating a decline in their quality and commercial success at the box office. By the 1970s, war cinema, having lost its appeal, sustained itself solely through government backing. One of the primary features of war cinema was its methods of depicting “us” and “them”. From the state’s standpoint, the ideologically sound portrayal of the enemy in war cinema entailed a dehumanized depiction of the communists, primarily North Korean soldiers, illustrating their brutality and aggression towards South Korean citizens. Such state’s requirement, however, was paradoxical: on the one hand, the shared Korean identity theoretically allowed for the humanization of North Korean soldiers, on the other hand, their portrayal as strong adversaries committing cruel acts risked glorifying their militarized masculinity, a scenario the state sought to avoid. To reconcile this contradiction, film companies employed a strategy of their de-characterization, stripping them of individual traits and relegating to secondary roles on the periphery of the film narrative. In contrast, South Korean soldiers were portrayed as heroic figures, characterized by their individuality and robust masculinity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель исследования - определить особенности военных фильмов Республики Корея в качестве элемента милитаризации культуры в период правления Пак Чонхи (1961-1979). Доказывается, что популярность военного кинематографа в 1960-х гг. была обусловлена как государственной кинополитикой, способствующей производству и потреблению таких фильмов, так и массовым интересом со стороны зрителей и кинокомпаний. Ко второй половине 1960-х гг. динамика производства таких фильмов стала в большей степени определяться вмешательством государства в сферу кино, что привело к снижению качества фильмов и коммерческим провалам в прокате. Став непопулярным, в 1970-е гг. военное кино существовало лишь благодаря государственной поддержке. Одной из основных особенностей военного кино были способы изображения «своих» и «чужих». С позиции государства идеологически верной репрезентацией врага в военном кинематографе был дегуманизированный образ северокорейца, коммуниста, проявляющего жестокость и насилие в отношении к южнокорейским гражданам. Данное требование государства само по себе было противоречивым: с одной стороны, принадлежность северокорейских солдат к одной, пусть и разделенной, корейской нации делала возможным их гуманизацию, а с другой - образ сильного врага, совершающего жестокие действия, мог усилить репрезентацию его милитаризованной маскулинности, что было крайне нежелательно. Автор отмечает, что универсальным решением этого противоречия стала стратегия обезличивания северокорейских персонажей, лишение их индивидуальных черт и удаление на периферию кинонарратива в качестве второстепенных персонажей-функций. В противовес такому образу врага южнокорейских солдат изображали как героев, обладающих индивидуальностью и сильной маскулинностью.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cinema</kwd><kwd>war movies</kwd><kwd>Korean War</kwd><kwd>Vietnam War</kwd><kwd>militarization</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>военное кино</kwd><kwd>Корейская война</kwd><kwd>Вьетнамская война</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Je-yeon. Byeongyeong sahoewa gunsajuui munhwa. [The Barracks Society and the Culture of Militarism]. In Hangug hyeondae saenghwalmunhwasa 1960nyeondae: geundaehwawa geundaehwa. [History of everyday Life in the Republic of Korea; 1960s: Modernization and Militarization]. Seoul: Changbi; 2016, p. 191–212. (In Korean)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O Je-yeon. Byeongyeong sahoewa gunsajuui munhwa. 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