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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8127</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-833X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">38725</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8127-2024-16-1-64-79</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ECKNDV</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Ideas and politics in history</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Идеи и политика в истории</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Gender aspect in the ideology and practice of Iranian nationalism in the early 20th c.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гендерный аспект идеологии и практики иранского национализма в первой трети XX в.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9170-1803</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ardashnikova</surname><given-names>Anna N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ардашникова</surname><given-names>Анна Наумовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Literature), Associate Professor, Department of Iranian Philology, Institute of Asian and African Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры иранской филологии ИСАА</p></bio><email>anardash@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7569-5794</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konyashkina</surname><given-names>Tamara A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коняшкина</surname><given-names>Тамара Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>senior lecturer, Department of Middle and Near East History</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель кафедры истории стран Ближнего и Среднего Востока ИСАА</p></bio><email>tamara_mgu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 16, NO1 (2024)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 16, №1 (2024)</issue-title><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-11"><day>11</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Ardashnikova A.N., Konyashkina T.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Ардашникова А.Н., Коняшкина Т.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ardashnikova A.N., Konyashkina T.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ардашникова А.Н., Коняшкина Т.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/38725">https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/38725</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">Iranian history is one of those rare cases when the topic of women’s social status was raised by the ruling regimes twice - in the1920-1930s and 1970s. This fact shows firm connection of nationalist and gender discourses. Since gender issues were not only declared on behalf of the state, but were also widely discussed in the public sphere, the study uses sources of an artistic and journalistic origin, that traditionally in Iran play the role of ideological indicators. These include materials from the Iranian, mainly women’s press as well as the works of the literary corpus. The examples of poster genre, which propagandizes for the position of the state and visualizes the ideology, also serve as a valuable source for the research. The undertaken study shows that, starting from the end of the 19th century, Iranian nationalism has been intensively exploiting gender issue to proclaim its own positions, using family metaphors and a system of female symbols for political purposes. As an ideology of a modernizing society, nationalism in Iran actively used the image of the “progressive Iranian woman” as a link between the present day and the great pre-Islamic past.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Иран относится к тем редким случаям, когда вопрос об общественном статусе женщины поднимался правящими режимами дважды - в 1920-1930-е гг. и в 70-е гг. XX в., демонстрируя неразрывную связь националистического и гендерного дискурсов. Поскольку гендерная проблематика была не только заявлена от имени государства, но и широко дискутировалась в общественном поле, ее исследование предполагает обращение и к источникам художественно-публицистического характера, традиционно являющимся в Иране конца XIX - первой половины XX в. мерилом умонастроений общества. К их числу относятся материалы иранской, главным образом женской прессы, произведения, принадлежащие к литературному корпусу рубежа веков. Весьма ценным источником для исследователя служит и наглядная пропаганда в жанре плаката, визуализировавшая позицию власти. Предпринятое исследование показывает, что, начиная с конца XIX в., иранский национализм для прокламации собственных позиций усиленно эксплуатирует и гендерный вопрос, используя в политических целях семейную метафорику и систему символов, основанных на образе женщины (мать родина). Как идеология модернизирующегося общества, национализм в Иране активно использовал и образ «прогрессивной иранки» в качестве связующего звена между настоящим и великим доисламским прошлым.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gender</kwd><kwd>constitutional revolution mashruteh</kwd><kwd>Reza Shah Pahlavi</kwd><kwd>hijab</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гендер</kwd><kwd>машруте</kwd><kwd>Реза-шах Пехлеви</kwd><kwd>хиджаб</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litvak M. The construction of Iranian national identity. An overview. Constructing nationalism in Iran. London — New York: Routledge, 2017. P. 10–31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Litvak M. The construction of Iranian national identity. An overview // Constructing nationalism in Iran. London - New York: Routledge, 2017. 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