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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8127</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-833X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">33868</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8127-2023-15-1-81-97</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY AND CULTURE IN THE ORIENTAL COUNTRIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ И КУЛЬТУРА В СТРАНАХ ВОСТОКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Evolution of the views on the Moon in Arab-speaking Medieval society</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эволюция воззрений на Луну в арабоязычной средневековой культуре</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3316-0444</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matrosov</surname><given-names>Valeriy A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матросов</surname><given-names>Валерий Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>lecturer of School of Asian Studies, Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs, HSE University, lecturer of Faculty of Oriental Studies, State Academic University for the Humanities</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>преподаватель, Школа востоковедения, Национальный Исследовательский Университет, Высшая Школа Экономики, Восточного факультета Государственного академического университет гуманитарных наук</p></bio><email>vam_179@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudach</surname><given-names>Tatiana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудач</surname><given-names>Татьяна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">Bachelor of Oriental Studies, Graduate student</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">бакалавр востоковедения, выпускница Школы востоковедения</bio><email>tatianagudach@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University “Higher School of Economics”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Academic University for the Humanities</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный академический университет гуманитарных наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">The World of Islam: History, Politics, Religion, Culture</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Мир ислама: история, политика, религия, культура</issue-title><fpage>81</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-13"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Matrosov V.A., Gudach T.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Матросов В.А., Гудач Т.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Matrosov V.A., Gudach T.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Матросов В.А., Гудач Т.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/33868">https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/33868</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">For decades, some branches of medieval Muslim cosmology, including astrology, were considered insufficiently academic, and commonly they received less attention than they worth, as a result, entire scientific layers turned out to be not much studied. Within the framework of this study, the authors attempted to highlight one of the aspects of the cosmological system - the approaches of scientists of the Arab-Muslim world to the Moon - covering various traditions, regions, eras (within the “classical” period of development of Islamic medieval science). On the basis of seven treatises and comparative typological methods, the features of both the “academic” (astronomy) and “mystical” (astrology) schools were revealed, and an attempt was made to combine the features of both of them within a single system. Despite the fact that, as seems, astrology should involve a wide variety of approaches and solutions, the authors managed to show that the Moon is found only among astronomers as an independent and valuable object of research. At the same time, aspects of its consideration and methods of scientific description vary widely. Astrological science assumed the use of the Moon only as a tool in the construction of tables and systems, and over the centuries has undergone little change. Of particular interest in the study was the appeal to the work of Abu al-Abbas alFarghani (IX cent.) and Abdul-Hasan al-Isfahani (XIV cent.), little known to the Russian reader.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">В течение десятилетий многие отрасли средневековой мусульманской космологии, включая астрологию, считались недостаточно академическими и получали гораздо меньше внимания, чем заслуживали, в результате чего недостаточно хорошо изучены оказались целые научные пласты. Авторы исследования освещают один из аспектов космологической системы - подходы ученых арабо-мусульманского мира к Луне, - охватив различные традиции, регионы, эпохи (в пределах «классического» периода развития исламской средневековой науки). На базе семи трактатов и с опорой на сравнительно-типологический методы раскрыты особенности как «академической» (астрономия), так и «мистической» (астрология) школы, а также изучена попытка объединить особенности их обеих в рамках единой системы. Несмотря на то, что, казалось бы, астрология должна предполагать широкое разнообразие подходов и решений, авторам удалось показать, что в качестве самостоятельного и самоценного объекта исследований Луна встречается только у астрономов. При этом аспекты ее рассмотрения и методы научного описания широко варьируются. Астрологическая наука предполагала использование Луны лишь в качестве инструмента при построении таблиц и систем и с течением веков претерпела мало изменений. Особый интерес при проведении исследования представляло обращение к творчеству Абу-ль-Аббаса аль-Фергани (IX в.) и Абд аль-Хасана аль-Исфахани (XIV в.), мало знакомых российскому читателю.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lunar calendar</kwd><kwd>astrology</kwd><kwd>astronomy</kwd><kwd>Arabic Medieval literature</kwd><kwd>philosophy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Лунный календарь</kwd><kwd>астрология</kwd><kwd>астрономия</kwd><kwd>арабская средневековая литература</kwd><kwd>философия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was executed at the State Academic University for the Humanities (GAUGN) according to the State Assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (topic No. FZNF-2020-0001 “Historical and Cultural Traditions and Values in the Context of Global History”).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в Государственном академическом университете гуманитарных наук в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (тема № FZNF-2020-0001 «Историко-культурные традиции и ценности в контексте глобальной истории»).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Metz A. 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