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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8127</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-833X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">33863</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8127-2023-15-1-7-21</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Religion and Politics in the Middle East</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Религия и политика в странах Ближнего Востока</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">High Hopes, Lost Illusions: General Islamic Congress in Jerusalem (1931)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Большие надежды, утраченные иллюзии: Всеобщий исламский конгресс в Иерусалиме в 1931 году</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5769-3715</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirillina</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириллина</surname><given-names>Светлана Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>d.Sc. (History), Professor, Head of department of Middle and Near East History, Institute of Asian and African Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор исторических наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой истории стран Ближнего и Среднего Востока, Институт стран Азии и Африки</p></bio><email>s.kirillina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1554-3449</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Safronova</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафронова</surname><given-names>Александра Львовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>d.Sc. (History), Professor, Head of department of South Asian History, Institute of Asian and African Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор исторических наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой истории Южной Азии, Институт стран Азии и Африки</p></bio><email>al-safr@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2649-5422</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлов</surname><given-names>Владимир Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>d.Sc. (History), Professor, department of Middle and Near East History, Institute of Asian and African Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры истории стран Ближнего и Среднего Востока, Институт стран Азии и Африки</p></bio><email>alsavlor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">The World of Islam: History, Politics, Religion, Culture</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Мир ислама: история, политика, религия, культура</issue-title><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-13"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Kirillina S.A., Safronova A.L., Orlov V.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Кириллина С.А., Сафронова А.Л., Орлов В.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kirillina S.A., Safronova A.L., Orlov V.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кириллина С.А., Сафронова А.Л., Орлов В.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/33863">https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/33863</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The significance of the research topic is due to the relevance of the problem of the caliphate in the social and political life of the modern Arab-Muslim world. The purpose of this research project is to analyze the causes and consequences of the emergence of caliphate movements, which were the reaction of the Muslim world to the destruction of the Ottoman Empire and the liquidation of the institution of the caliphate in 1924 by the republican leadership of Turkey. At the same time, the authors focus on the General Islamic Congress in Jerusalem (1931) as a concrete example of the socio-political discussions of Muslims about the unity of the Ummah and the future fate of the caliphate. Based on the materials of historical sources, the authors identified contradictions in the diversity of ideological and value views of the caliphatists in the main areas of Islamic world - in the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia, analyzed methodological, spiritual and political obstacles that stood in the way of the ideologists of caliphatism by the example of contradictions in the activities of the Mufti of Jerusalem Amin al-Husseini (c. 1895-1974), who advocated the independent statehood of Arab Palestine, and the leader of Indian Muslims Shaukat Ali (1873-1938), who advocated the internationalization of the cause of the revival of the caliphate. The authors prove that “Islamic internationalism” in the 1930s began to acquire more and more national, ethno-culturally conditioned forms, which was due to the distrust of caliphatism on the part of the British colonial officials and the political elites of Turkey and Egypt in the geopolitical conditions that changed after the First World War. In addition, the importance of studying higher Muslim education for the characterization of the political, value, religious and philosophical positions of the caliphists and their opponents is revealed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Значимость темы исследования обусловлена актуальностью проблемы халифата в общественной и политической жизни современного арабо-мусульманского мира. Цель данного исследовательского проекта - анализ причин и последствий возникновения халифатистских движений, явившихся реакцией мусульманского мира на разрушение Османской империи и ликвидацию института халифата в 1924 г. республиканским руководством Турции. При этом авторы фокусируют внимание на Всеобщем исламском конгрессе в Иерусалиме (1931 г.) как на конкретном примере общественно-политических дискуссий мусульман о единстве уммы и будущей судьбе халифата. Опираясь на материалы исторических источников, авторы выявили противоречия и разнообразие идейных и ценностных воззрений халифатистов в основных ареалах распространения ислама - на Ближнем Востоке, в Северной Африке и Южной Азии, проанализировали методологические и духовно-политические препятствия, вставшие на пути идеологов халифатизма на примере противоречий в деятельности муфтия Иерусалима Амина аль-Хусейни (ок. 1895-1974), ратовавшего за независимую государственность арабской Палестины, и лидера индийских мусульман Шауката Али (1873-1938), выступавшего за интернационализацию дела возрождения халифата. Доказано, что «исламский интернационализм» в 1930-х годах начал обретать более национальные, этнокультурно обусловленные формы, что было обусловлено недоверием к халифатизму со стороны британского колониального чиновничества и политических элит Турции и Египта в изменившихся после Первой мировой войны геополитических условиях. Кроме того, выявлена важность изучения высшего мусульманского образования для характеристики политических, ценностных и религиозно-философских позиций халифатистов и их оппонентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Caliphate</kwd><kwd>Arab nationalism</kwd><kwd>Palestine</kwd><kwd>Middle East</kwd><kwd>North Africa</kwd><kwd>South Asia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>халифат</kwd><kwd>арабский национализм</kwd><kwd>Палестина</kwd><kwd>Ближний Восток</kwd><kwd>Северная Африка</kwd><kwd>Южная Азия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirillina SA., Safronova AL., Orlov VV. Caliphate in the Ideological dialogue of the Islamic World: The Case of Pan-Islamic Congress in Cairo (1926). RUDN Journal of World History. 2022;14(1):7–19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кириллина С.А., Сафронова А.Л., Орлов В.В. 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