RUDN Journal of World HistoryRUDN Journal of World HistoryВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история2312-81272312-833XPeoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)3313810.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-4-373-388Ideas and politics in historyИдеи и политика в историиResearch ArticleSouth Korean “Youth Culture” of the 1970s and State-Led ModernizationЮжнокорейская «молодежная культура» 1970-х и государственная политика модернизацииhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9169-1414StarshinovAlexander S.СтаршиновАлександр Сергеевич

post-graduate student at the Institute of Asian and African Studies

аспирант Института стран Азии и Африки

alex.starshinov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7728-7968KimNatalya N.КимНаталья Николаевна

PhD in History, Research Fellow

кандидат исторических наук, научный сотрудник

nkim@iaas.msu.ruInstitute of Asian and African Studies Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityИнститут стран Азии и Африки МГУ им. М.В. ЛомоносоваInstitute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of ScienceИнститут востоковедения, Российская Академия Наук31122022144Political History, Culture and Religion of AsiaПолитическая история, культура и религия стран Азии37338831122022Copyright ©; 2022, Starshinov A.S., Kim N.N.Copyright ©; 2022, Старшинов А.С., Ким Н.Н.2022Starshinov A.S., Kim N.N.Старшинов А.С., Ким Н.Н.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/33138

The article examines features of Park Chung-hee’s project of modernization and identifies socio-economic and cultural influence of such state-led modernization on the creation and development of South Korean “youth culture” of the 1970s. The authors highlight several specific policies and socio-economic trends that led the emergence of “youth culture”: rapid urbanization and drastic increase in urban population; increase in urban families’ incomes and consumption; changes in the division of labor; expansion of both school and university education and dissemination of mass media. Along with that, the article analyzes the influence of the policies of managed westernization and developmentalist discourse of the 1960s on the formation of values of this “youth culture”. The paper explains how these state-led policies paved the way for the creation of “youth culture” that paradoxically contained drastically different values compared to both official discourse of the Yusin government and values of parental generation. The new generation born after the Korean War, the so-called Hangeul generation, became the main driving force behind it, but faced repetitive misunderstanding and condemnation from both the older generation and the state. Eventually, due to state’s pressure, this “youth culture” experienced decline in the second half of the 1970s.

Рассматриваются особенности проекта модернизации Пак Чонхи и выясняется социально-экономическое и культурное влияние модернизации под руководством государства на возникновение и развитие южнокорейской «молодёжной культуры» 1970-х годов. Авторы выделяют конкретные политические меры и общие социально-экономические тренды, вызвавшие появление «молодёжной культуры»: быстрая урбанизация и резкий рост городского населения; увеличение доходов и уровня потребления домохозяйств; изменения в структуре разделении труда; расширение как школьного, так и университетского образования и распространение средств массовой информации. Наряду с этим анализируется влияние политики частичной и управляемой вестернизации и девелопменталистского дискурса 1960х годов на формирование ценностей «молодёжной культуры» 1970-х. Результаты исследования объясняют, как такая государственная политика способствовала возникновению «молодёжной культуры» 1970-х, которая парадоксальным образом содержала в себе набор ценностей, отличных как от официальной идеологии периода Юсин, так и от ценностей старшего поколения. Поколение хангыля, родившееся после Корейской войны, стало главной движущей силой этой культуры, но столкнулось с непониманием и осуждением как со стороны старшего поколения, так и со стороны государства. В конце концов, под давлением государства, эта «молодёжная культура» пришла в упадок во второй половине 1970-х годов

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