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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8127</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-833X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">31950</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-3-280-288</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>IUS ANTIQUUM</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Development of real security for obligations fulfillment in Ancient Greece</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Развитие вещных форм обеспечения исполнения обязательств в Древней Греции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4872-9311</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Loginov</surname><given-names>Alexandr Vladimirovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логинов</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент</p></bio><email>avloginov@msal.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kutafin Moscow State Law University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный юридический университет имени О.Е. Кутафина (МГЮА)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-09-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Social Life of the Ancient World</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Общественная жизнь античного мира</issue-title><fpage>280</fpage><lpage>288</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-09-15"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Loginov A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Логинов А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Loginov A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Логинов А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/31950">https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/31950</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The article is devoted to the development of real security for fulfillment of obligations in Ancient Greece. The article proves that the first form of real security for fulfillment of obligations was a possessory pledge. The creditor sought to obtain possession of the pledged object. This is due to underdeveloped archives in Greece (unlike in the countries of the Ancient East), the lack of land register and encumbrance registry, creditor was not sure that the debtor would not alienate pledged property by fraud. The genesis of sale on condition of release is due to emergence of signs of encumbrance of property (in Athens - horoi). A hypothec came into being later than other real security for fulfillment of obligations.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Аннтотация. Статья посвящена развитию вещных форм обеспечения исполнения обязательств в Древней Греции. В статье доказывается, что первой формой вещного обеспечения исполнения обязательств был посессорный залог. Кредитор стремился получить во владение предмет залога. Из-за неразвитости архивов в Греции (в отличие от стран Древнего Востока), отсутствия земельного кадастра и кадастра обремененных вещей кредитор не был уверен, что должник не произведет отчуждение предмета залога с помощью мошенничества. Развитие обеспечительной купли продажи оказалось возможным из-за появления знаков обременения имущества (в Афинах - horoi). Ипотека появилась позднее других форм обеспечения исполнения обязательств.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Real security</kwd><kwd>hypothec</kwd><kwd>pledge</kwd><kwd>Ancient Greece</kwd><kwd>sale on condition of release</kwd><kwd>loan</kwd><kwd>mortgage</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ипотека</kwd><kwd>залог</kwd><kwd>Древняя Греция</kwd><kwd>продажа с условием освобождения</kwd><kwd>кредит</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The scientific research was carried out within the framework of the grant of the Russian Academy of Sciences «Study of the stages of the formation of Ancient Greek law» (20-78-00095).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено в рамках гранта Российской академии наук «Изучение этапов становления древнегреческого права» (20-78-00095).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dareste R. 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