<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8127</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-833X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">30929</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8127-2022-14-2-132-143</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Modern World</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Современный мир</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Canadian civilization: the essence and features of its formation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Канадская цивилизация: сущность и особенности ее формирования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2900-1319</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarov</surname><given-names>Andrey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комаров</surname><given-names>Андрей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">Dr. in History, Professor</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры всеобщей истории ИАИ</bio><email>ruslan10@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian State University of Humanities</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-04-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 14, NO2 (2022)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 14, №2 (2022)</issue-title><fpage>132</fpage><lpage>143</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-04-29"><day>29</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Komarov A.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Комаров А.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komarov A.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комаров А.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/30929">https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/30929</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The purpose of research is to reveal the key features of the Canadian civilization formed in the Modern history on the North American continent. The significance of this scientific research is that for the first time in Russian historiography, presents the key features of the Canadian civilization, which the author considers a special socio-cultural community. The article emphasizes that the Canadian civilization is distinguished by a number of specific features that differ from the traditional understanding of North American civilization as a whole. To achieve the result in his work, the author uses a comparative historical method and an interdisciplinary approach. When writing the article, the author relies on the achievements of domestic and foreign Canadian studies, as well as a source base illustrating the author’s conclusions. In the course of writing the work, the author analyzes the election programs of Canadian political parties, the British North America Act and other important sources. A positive role for the author in the process of writing his article was played by his familiarization with the existing theories of civilizations. The results of the study led to the conclusion that the Canadian civilization is distinguished by the long-term coexistence within its framework of two nations: French-Canadian and Anglo-Canadian, close ties with the political traditions of Great Britain, the USA and France, as well as its northernness. Emphasizes that the Canadian civilization differs from the traditional Anglo-Saxon one precisely by the presence of the Roman factor, i.e. the presence of the French-Canadian question. The latter for a long time determines the origins of the existence of the Canadian civilization and forms its key features at the present stage of development. To achieve the result in his work, the author uses a comparative historical method and an interdisciplinary approach.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Цель исследования состоит в раскрытии ключевых особенностей канадской цивилизации, сформировавшейся в Новое время на североамериканском континенте. Научная новизна статьи состоит в том, что впервые в отечественной историографии были выделены ключевые особенности канадской цивилизации, которую автор считает особой социокультурной общностью. В статье подчеркивается, что канадская цивилизация отличается рядом специфических признаков, отличных от традиционного понимания североамериканской цивилизации в целом. Автор опирается на достижения отечественного и зарубежного канадоведения, а также источниковую базу, иллюстрирующую выводы автора. В ходе работы над исследованием автор анализирует предвыборные программы канадских политических партий, и, прежде всего, Квебекской, Акт о Британской Северной Америке 1867 г., Акт о Конституции 1982 г. и другие важнейшие источники. Важную роль для автора в процессе написания статьи сыграло ознакомление с существующими теориями цивилизаций. Результаты исследования позволили прийти к выводу о том, что канадскую цивилизацию отличает длительное сосуществование в ее рамках двух наций: франко-канадской и англо-канадской, тесные связи с политическими традициями Великобритании, США и Франции, а также ее северность. Подчеркнуто, что канадская цивилизация отличается от традиционной англосаксонской именно наличием романского фактора, т.е. присутствием франко-канадского вопроса. Последний в течение длительного времени определяет истоки существования канадской цивилизации и формирует ее ключевые особенности на настоящем этапе развития. Для достижения результата в своей работе автор использует сравнительно-исторический метод и междисциплинарный подход.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>theory</kwd><kwd>civilization</kwd><kwd>Canada</kwd><kwd>French-Canadian question</kwd><kwd>political traditions</kwd><kwd>sovereignty</kwd><kwd>Quebec Party</kwd><kwd>northernness</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>теория</kwd><kwd>цивилизация</kwd><kwd>Канада</kwd><kwd>франко-канадский вопрос</kwd><kwd>политические традиции</kwd><kwd>суверенитет</kwd><kwd>Квебекская партия</kwd><kwd>северность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hantington S. Stolknovenie civilizacii [A Clash of Civilizations]. Polis. Politicheskie issledovaniya.1994;(1):33–48. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хантингтон С. Столкновение цивилизаций // Полис. Политические исследования. 1994. № 1. С. 33-48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wallerstein I. The Modern World-System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century. New York: Academic Press; 1976.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wallerstein I. The Modern World-System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century. New York: Academic Press, 1976.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naidysh VM., Naidysh OV. Civilizaciya i racionalnost. Ocherki po filosofii mifologii [Civilization and Rationality. Essays on the History of Mythology]. Moscow: Rusains; 2020. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Найдыш В.М., Найдыш О.В. Цивилизация и рациональность. Очерки по философии мифологии. М.: РУСАЙНС, 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tishkov VA. K istorii vozniknoveniya frankokanadskogo nacionalnogo voprosa [On the History of the French-Canadian national question]. Voprosi istorii.1974;(1):46–90. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тишков В.А. К истории возникновения франкоканадского национального вопроса // Вопросы истории. 1974. № 1. С. 76-90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shealo VE. Periodizaciya amerikanskogo federalizma [ Periodization of American federalism]. SShA –Kanada: ekonomika_ politika_ kultura. 2002;(1):61–77. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шило В.Е. Периодизация американского федерализма // США - Канада: экономика, политика, культура. 2002. № 1. C. 61-77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saywell J. Canada. Pathways to the Present. Toronto: Stoddart Publishing Co. Limited; 1994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saywell J. Canada. Pathways to the Present. Toronto: Stoddart Publishing Co. Limited, 1994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pammett JH., Dornan C. The Canadian Federal Election of 2019. Montreal, London, Chicago: McGill – Queen’s University Press; 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pammett J.H., Dornan C. The Canadian Federal Election of 2019. Montreal, London, Chicago: McGill - Queen’s University Press, 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frizzell A., Pammett JH., Westell A. The Canadian General Election of 1993. Ottawa: Carleton University Press; 1994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frizzell A., Pammett J.H., Westell A. The Canadian General Election of 1993. Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koleneko VA. Francuzskaya Kanada v proshlom i nastoyaschem: ocherki istorii Kvebeka XVII–XX veka. [French Canada in the Past and Present: Essays on the history of Quebec of the XVII–XX century]. Moscow: Nauka; 2006. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коленеко В.А. Французская Канада в прошлом и настоящем: очерки истории Квебека XVII-XX века. М.: Наука, 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernard A. The Bloc Quebecois. In: The Canadian General Election of 1997. Ed. by A. Frizzell and J.H. Pammett. Toronto: Dundurn Press; 1997.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernard A. The Bloc Quebecois // The Canadian General Election of 1997 / Ed. by A. Frizzell and J.H. Pammett. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gagnon A.-G., Herivault J. The Bloc Quebecois: The Dynamics of a Distinct. The Canadian General Election of 2004. Ed. by J.H. Pammett and C. Dornan. Toronto: Dundurn Pres; 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gagnon A.-G., Herivault J. The Bloc Quebecois: The Dynamics of a Distinct // The Canadian General Election of 2004 / Ed. by J.H. Pammett and C. Dornan. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belanger E., Nadeau R. The Bloc Quebecois: Capsized by the Orange Wave. The Canadian General Election of 2011. Ed. by J.H. Pammett and C. Dornan. Toronto: Dundurn Press; 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belanger E., Nadeau R. The Bloc Quebecois: Capsized by the Orange Wave // The Canadian General Election of 2011 / Ed. by J.H. Pammett and C. Dornan. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Montigny E. The Battle for Quebec. The Canadian Federal Election of 2019. Ed. by J.H. Pammett and C. Dornan. London, Chicago: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Montigny E. The Battle for Quebec // The Canadian Federal Election of 2019 / Ed. by J.H. Pammett and C. Dornan. London, Chicago: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maklakov VV. Konstitucii zarubejnih gosudarstv. [Constitutions of the Foreign States]. Moscow; 1999. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маклаков В.В. Конституции зарубежных государств. 2-е изд., исправл. и доп. М.: БЕК, 1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Canada – United States Free Trade Agreement. WorldTradeLaw.net. Available from: https://www.worldtradelaw.net/document.php?id=nafta/Cusfta.pdf [Accessed: 29.11.2021].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Canada - United States Free Trade Agreement // WorldTradeLaw.net. URL: https://www.worldtradelaw.net/document.php?id=nafta/Cusfta.pdf [Accessed 29.11.2021].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">United States – Mexico-Canada agreement. Available from: https://www.usmca.com [Accessed: 29.11.2021].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">United States - Mexico-Canada agreement. URL: https://www.usmca.com (дата обращения: 29.11.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akimov YuG. Razvitie kvebekskoi paradiplomatii vo vtoroi polovine 1980-h–nachale 1990-h gg. [Quebec Paradiplomacy in late 1980–early 1990s]. Kanadskii ejegodnik. 2017;(21):140–163. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акимов Ю.Г. Развитие квебекской парадипломатии во второй половине 1980-х-начале 1990-х гг. // Канадский ежегодник. 2017. Вып. 21. C. 140.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmina TR. Rol nacionalnih diaspor v politicheskoi jizni so_vremennoi Kanadi na primere ukrainskoi diaspori [The role of national diasporas in the political life of modern Canada on the example of the Ukrainian Diaspor.] Rossiya i Amerika v XXI veke. 2019. V. 1. (In Russ.). Available from: https://arxiv.gaugn.ru/s207054760004696-2-1 [Accessed: 07.11.2021]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузьмина Т.Р. Роль национальных диаспор в политической жизни современной Канады на примере украинской диаспоры // Россия и Америка в XXI веке. 2019. Выпуск 1 [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://arxiv.gaugn.ru/s207054760004696-2-1/ (дата обращения: 07.11.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deuxième débat de la course à la direction du Parti Québécois. Parti Québécois Available from: https://pq.org/videos/troisieme-debat-de-la-course-a-la-direction-du-parti-quebecois [Accessed: 13.12.2021]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deuxième débat de la course à la direction du Parti Québécois / Parti Québécois. URL: https://pq.org/videos/troisieme-debat-de-la-course-a-la-direction-du-parti-quebecois (дата обращения: 13.12.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
