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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8127</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-833X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">29419</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8127-2021-13-4-363-373</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Religion and Politics in the Middle East</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Религия и политика в странах Ближнего Востока</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Disputes over the permissibility of tobacco smoking among the ulama of Ottoman Syria</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Споры вокруг дозволенности курения табака среди улемского сообщества османской Сирии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krayushkin</surname><given-names>Nikita Romanovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краюшкин</surname><given-names>Никита Романович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in History, Research Fellow, Center for Arabic and Islamic Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. истор. наук, научный сотрудник Центра арабских и исламских исследований</p></bio><email>kranr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Oriental Studies of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт востоковедения Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-11-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">History of the East: religion, politics, international relations</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">История Востока: религия, политика, международные связи</issue-title><fpage>363</fpage><lpage>373</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-11-12"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Krayushkin N.R.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Краюшкин Н.Р.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krayushkin N.R.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Краюшкин Н.Р.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/29419">https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/29419</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The article analyzes the history of tobacco smoking in Great Syria of the 17th - mid-18th centuries. The consumption of tobacco, brought to the Ottoman Empire by European merchants from the New World, began to spread rapidly among various groups of society, including women and children. The popularity of the new habit caused a wary attitude to it of the Ottoman theologians from the Turkish Kadizadeli movement. In the middle of the 17th century, they managed to achieve significant influence on the sultan’s court and banned tobacco smoking in the Ottoman Empire for a while. However, after the unsuccessful military campaign of the Turks initiated by the Kadizadeli near Vienna in 1683, the Hanafi “Puritans” of Islam were expelled from the capital. This time, they chose Greater Syria as one of the main strongholds of the movement. In Damascus, the question of the legality of tobacco smoking from the point of view of the norms of Islamic law was defended by Sufis under the leadership of the Syrian mystic ʻAbd al-Ghani al-Nablusi. As a result of the disputes, the Kadizadeli lost their influence in Syria, which partly contributed to the further rejection by the inhabitants of the region of another “Puritanical” movement in Islam, led by Muhammad ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhab.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">В статье анализируется история табакокурения в Великой Сирии XVII - середины XVIII столетий. Потребление тютюна, завезенного европейскими купцами в Османскую империю из Нового света, стало быстро распространяться среди различных групп общества, включая женщин и детей. Популярность новой привычки вызвала настороженное отношение со стороны османских богословов из турецкого движения кадизадели. В середине XVII в. им удалось добиться значительного влияния на двор султана и запретить на некоторое время курение табака в Османской империи. Однако после инициированной кадизаделитами неудачной военной кампании турок под Веной 1683 г. ханафитские «пуритане» ислама были изгнаны из столицы. На этот раз в качестве одного из главных оплотов движения они избрали Великую Сирию. В Дамаске вопрос о правомерности курения табака с точки зрения норм исламского права защищали суфии под предводительством сирийского мистика ʻАбд ал-Гани ан-Наблуси. В итоге споров кадизаделиты потеряли свое влияние в Сирии, что отчасти способствовало дальнейшему неприятию жителями региона другого движения «пуританского» характера в исламе, которое возглавил Мухаммад ибн ʻАбд ал-Ваххаб.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>kadizadeli</kwd><kwd>'Abd al-Ghani al-Nablusi</kwd><kwd>Ottoman Empire</kwd><kwd>Greater Syria</kwd><kwd>tobacco smoking</kwd><kwd>Syrian ulama</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кадизадели</kwd><kwd>'Абд ал-Гани ан-Наблуси</kwd><kwd>Османская империя</kwd><kwd>Великая Сирия</kwd><kwd>табакокурение</kwd><kwd>улемский корпус</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Curry J. The Transformation of Muslim Mystical Thought in the Ottoman Empire: The Rise of the Halveti Order, 1350–1650. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Curry J. 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