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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8127</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-833X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27320</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8127-2021-13-3-259-268</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMY AND POLITICS OF ANCIENT GREECE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА И ПОЛИТИКА ДРЕВНЕЙ ГРЕЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Erichthonius or Theseus, who established the Panathenaea?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эрихтоний или Тесей - кто основал Панафинеи?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gvozdeva</surname><given-names>Tatiana Borisovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гвоздева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in History, Associate Professor of the Department of World History, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры всеобщей истории факультета гуманитарных и социальных наук</p></bio><email>tbgvozdeva@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-09-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Ancient Greece and Rome: Politics and Economics</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Экономика и политика античного мира</issue-title><fpage>259</fpage><lpage>268</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-09-02"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Gvozdeva T.B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Гвоздева Т.Б.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gvozdeva T.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гвоздева Т.Б.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/27320">https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/27320</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The sources know two versions of the establishing of Panathenaia, the main public holiday of the Athenian polis. The earliest version of aition of Panathenaia is associated with the history of the Athenian indigenous king Erichthonius. The son of Gaia and Hephaestus, Erichthonius was raised by the goddess Athena on the Acropolis, and after becoming king of Athens, he dedicated the feast of Panathenaia to the goddess. In the source, he is the first founder of the holiday. However, two types of Panathenaia were known in Athens: the Lesser Panathenaia, which were held annually, and the Greater Panathenaia, which, like the Olympic Games, were held every four years. Gradually, there appear pieces of new information about the history of the establishing of the Panathenaia in the mythological tradition. Now the authors distinguish two stages in the history of the feast, wherein the earlier one was called Athenaia. Gradually Erichthonius was relegated to the background, as founder Athenaeus, whereas the holiday got a new name - Panathenaia. This process was often associated with the synoekismus of Theseus, when he had united all the Athenians into one urban community. The cult of Theseus became especially popular in Athens after the reforms of Cleisthenes. Theseus' exploits are becoming a popular theme in Attic vase painting, especially scenes depicting the struggle, which Theseus was believed to be the founder of in Athens. At the same time, the program of the Panathenaic Games was expanding, the Panathenaia gradually acquired a supra-regional character.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">В источниках известно две версии основания Панафиней, главного государственного праздника афинского полиса. Самая ранняя версия aition Панафиней связана с историей рождения афинского автохтонного царя Эрихтония. Сын Геи и Гефеста, Эрихтоний был воспитан богиней Афиной на Акрополе, и, став царем Афин, посвятил богине праздник Панафинеи. В источниках он является первым основателем праздника. Однако в Афинах было известно два вида Панафиней: Малые Панафинеи, которые проводились ежегодно, и Великие Панафинеи, которые, подобно Олимпийским играм, проводились раз в четыре года. Поэтому постепенно в мифологической традиции появляются дополнительные сведения в истории основания панафинейского праздника. Теперь авторы выделяют два этапа организации праздника, где самый ранний носил название Афинеи. Постепенно Эрихтоний был оттеснен на второй план, как основатель Афиней. Тогда как в истории праздника источники стали выделять второй этап его формирования, когда праздник получил новое название - Панафинеи. Этот процесс часто связывали с синойкизмом Тесея, когда он объединил всех афинян в одну городскую общину. Культ Тесея особенно стал популярным в Афинах после реформ Клисфена. Подвиги Тесея становятся популярной темой в аттической вазописи, особенно сцены с изображением борьбы, основателем которой Тесей считался в Афинах. В это же время расширяется программа Панафинейских игр, которые постепенно приобретают надрегиональный характер.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Greater Panathenaia</kwd><kwd>Erichtonius</kwd><kwd>Theseus</kwd><kwd>attic vase-painting</kwd><kwd>Athens</kwd><kwd>Panathenaic Games</kwd><kwd>Olympic Games</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Великие Панафинеи</kwd><kwd>Эрихтоний</kwd><kwd>Тесей</kwd><kwd>аттическая вазопись</kwd><kwd>Афины</kwd><kwd>Панафинейские игры</kwd><kwd>Олимпийские игры</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Deubner L. Attische Feste. Berlin, 1956.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davison JA. Notes of the Panathenaea. Journal of Hellenic Studies. 1958;(78):23–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davison J.A. 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