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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8127</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-833X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">24730</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8127-2020-12-3-236-249</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Oriental Studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Из истории Востока</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Features of Political and Religious Development of Oirats in the middle of the XIV - the middle of the XV centuries</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности политико-религиозного развития ойратов в середине XIV - середине XV вв</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kitinov</surname><given-names>Baatr Uchaevich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Китинов</surname><given-names>Баатр Учаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associates Professor, Senior research fellow, Department of history of East</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.и.н., доцент, старший научный сотрудник, отдел истории Востока</p></bio><email>histj@rudn.university</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Oriental Studies Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт востоковедения РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 12, NO3 (2020)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 12, №3 (2020)</issue-title><fpage>236</fpage><lpage>249</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-10-01"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Kitinov B.U.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Китинов Б.У.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kitinov B.U.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Китинов Б.У.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/24730">https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/24730</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The period starting from the second half of the XIV century. and up to the middle of the 15th century, had held under the sign of the fall of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China, and it was the most important one in the history of the Eastern Mongols and Oirats. Until then, the rule that only representatives of the Golden Family (that is, the descendants of Genghis Khan) were able to receive power to govern over Mongols, was, in fact, not questioned, but later the various interpretations began to appear. For example, Oirats, as non-Genghisids, had to assert their power, possessing only second roles (Taishi - the first minister). Despite the internal turmoil and the struggle with the descendants of the Yuan rulers, the Oirats did to try to create the united Mongol state headed by Taishis from the Choros Oirat clan. After a long struggle with the Eastern Mongols (who sometimes had also been led by Oirats, for example Ugechi Khashig and his son Esehu) of such Oirat leaders as Batula, Batubolo, Taiping and Toghon, the son of the latter, Esen, managed to not only to unite the Oirats in a short time, but also to create the united Mongolian state. In addition, he revived the religious and political role of the sangha, most likely the teachings of black-caped hat Karma Kagyu. This act was especially important because, besides the ideological counterweight to the right of Genghisids, one should have responded to the growth of Islamic activity in the region.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Период, начиная со второй половины XIV в. и до середины XV в. прошедший под знаком падения в Китае монгольской династии Юань, является важнейшим в истории восточных монголов и ойратов. До тех пор правило, согласно которому власть получали лишь представители «Золотого рода» (т. е. потомки Чингисхана по мужской линии), фактически не подвергалось никакому сомнению, однако со временем стали появляться различные его трактовки. Например, ойраты, как не-чингисиды, должны были утверждать свою власть, владея лишь вторыми ролями (первый министр - тайши). Ойраты, несмотря на внутренние неурядицы и борьбу с потомками юаньских правителей, смогли претендовать на образование единого монгольского государства, будучи под правлением тайшей из рода чорос. После длительной борьбы с восточными монголами (которых иногда возглавляли тоже ойраты, например Угэчи Хашиг и его сын Эсеху) таких ойратских лидеров, как Батула, Батуболо, Тайпин и Тогон, сыну последнего Эсэну удалось в краткие сроки не только вновь объединить ойратов, но и создать единое монгольское государство. Кроме того, он возродил религиозную и политическую роль сангхи, скорее всего, учения Карма Кагью черношапочная. Это было особенно важно, поскольку, кроме идеологического противовеса праву чингисидов, следовало отреагировать на рост активности ислама в регионе.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Oirats</kwd><kwd>Buddhism</kwd><kwd>Yuan</kwd><kwd>Ming</kwd><kwd>Eastern Mongols</kwd><kwd>Karmapa</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ойраты</kwd><kwd>буддизм</kwd><kwd>Юань</kwd><kwd>Мин</kwd><kwd>восточные монголы</kwd><kwd>Кармапа</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bichurin N.Ya. Historical review of Oirats or Kalmyks from the 15th century to the present. 2nd ed. Elista: Kalmyk Book Publishing House, 1991.127 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бичурин Н.Я. Историческое обозрение ойратов или калмыков с XV столетия до настоящего времени. 2-е изд. Элиста: Калмыцкое книжное издательство, 1991. 127 с. 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