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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8127</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-833X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">24030</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8127-2020-12-2-112-135</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Ideas and politics in history</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Идеи и политика в истории</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">British Policy in Palestine: Interests versus Reality (1917-1922)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Политика Великобритании в Палестине: интересы versus реальность (1917-1922)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samarskaia</surname><given-names>Liudmila Maksimovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самарская</surname><given-names>Людмила Максимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher at the Center for the Middle East Studies, IMEMO RAS; postgraduate student at the Institute of Asian and African Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник Центра ближневосточных исследований ИМЭМО РАН; аспирантка Института стран Азии и Африки МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова</p></bio><email>saluma@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений имени Е.М. Примакова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 12, NO2 (2020)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 12, №2 (2020)</issue-title><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>135</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-06-21"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Samarskaia L.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Самарская Л.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Samarskaia L.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Самарская Л.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/24030">https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/24030</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The period between the publication of the Balfour Declaration in 1917 and League of Nations mandate’s official assignment to Great Britain in 1922 was not lengthy, but highly eventful. All this time England was maneuvring between the Jewish and the Arab national movements, which also gradually formed their own demands and objectives. The problem was, pursuing British interests was possible through maneuvring only, as support of just one “local” force was not quite strategically advantageous. Britain’s official commitment to the Balfour Declaration remained at the core of its policy, however it could not completely ignore the demands of the Arab polutaion of Palestine. Although there were quite a number of British administrators and imperial politicians, who were sympathetic towards the Zionist cause and thus were ready to meet their requests to a certain extent, adherence to the British Middle East interests remained crucial to them. The idea of a “Jewish national home” (not a state, though) in Palestine did not come into contradiction with the general policy of Great Britain in the Middle East: it was rather its integral part. At the same time implementing the Zionist project had to be in line with it: any relatively radical (from the British administrators’ point of view) proposals were rejected or postponed indefinitely. Towards the Arabs of Palestine Great Britain was conducting mainly declarative policy without any serious consideration of their problems and grievances, although trying to appease their demands to a certain extent. Even the Arab riots of 1920 and 1921 did not cause a serious change in the British political course in Palestine, although they did contribute to the emergence of Churchill’s White Paper in 1922, declaring certain concessions to the Arab national movement, which never accepted the document. At the same time British policy in general was neither pro-Zionist, nor pro-Arab: England was pursuing its long-term strategic goals in the Middle East, skillfully utilizing Zionist and Arab national movements to achieve them.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Период между публикацией Декларации Бальфура в 1917 году и официальным получением Великобританией мандата Лиги Наций на Палестину в 1922 году был не очень длительным, однако насыщенным событиями. Все это время Англия маневрировала между еврейским и арабским национальными движениями, которые также постепенно формировали собственные требования и задачи. Проблема заключалась в том, что соблюдение британских интересов было возможно лишь за счет маневрирования, поскольку поддержка лишь одной «местной» силы не была достаточно стратегически выгодна. Основной британской политики оставалась приверженность Декларации Бальфура, однако Великобритания не могла полностью игнорировать требования арабского населения Палестины. И хотя среди администраторов и политиков империи было достаточно тех, кто с сочувствием относился к устремлениям сионистов и был готов во многом идти им навстречу, ключевым для них оставалось соблюдение британских интересов на Ближнем Востоке. Идея создания в Палестине «еврейского национального очага» (но не государства) не противоречила общему курсу Великобритании на Ближнем Востоке: она была его составной частью. При этом сионистский проект не должен был мешать маневрированию Лондона в арабском мире: любые относительно радикальные (с точки зрения британских администраторов) предложения отвергались или откладывались на неопределенный срок. По отношению к арабам Палестины Великобритания проводила преимущественно декларативную политику, не уделяя особенного внимания их проблемам, хотя и пытаясь в какой-то степени идти навстречу их требованиям. Даже арабские волнения 1920 и 1921 годов не способствовали смене британского политического курса в Палестине, хотя привели к появлению Белой книги Черчилля в 1922 году, декларировавшей определенные уступки по отношению к арабскому движению, которые не были им приняты. При этом политика Великобритании в целом не была ни просионистской, ни проарабской: Англия преследовала свои долгосрочные стратегические цели на Ближнем Востоке, умело используя для их достижения еврейское и арабское национальные движения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Zionism</kwd><kwd>Balfour Declaration</kwd><kwd>“Jewish national home”</kwd><kwd>British administration in Palestine</kwd><kwd>Mandate Palestine</kwd><kwd>King-Crane commission</kwd><kwd>Churchill White Paper</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сионизм</kwd><kwd>Декларация Бальфура</kwd><kwd>«еврейский национальный очаг»</kwd><kwd>британская администрация в Палестине</kwd><kwd>подмандатная Палестина</kwd><kwd>комиссия Кинга-Крейна</kwd><kwd>Белая книга Черчилля</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Segev Tom. One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs under the British Mandate. 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