RUDN Journal of World HistoryRUDN Journal of World HistoryВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история2312-81272312-833XPeoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)2343410.22363/2312-8127-2019-11-4-305-314Oriental StudiesИз истории ВостокаResearch ArticleThe Expansion of Chinese Business in Myanmar and Sino-Myanmar Relations (1988-1990)Экспансия китайского бизнеса в Мьянме и китайско-мьянманские отношения (1988-1990)VolosyukOlga VilenovnaВолосюкОльга Виленовна

Doctor of Sciences in World History, School of International Regional Studies, Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs

доктор исторических наук, профессор департамента зарубежного регионоведения факультета мировой экономики и мировой политики

ovolosiuk@hse.ruPhyo NaingWai YanПьё НайнгВей Ян

Post-Graduate at Doctoral School of History, Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs

аспирант Школы исторических наук, факультета мировой экономики и мировой политики

ywai@hse.ruNational Research University - Higher School of EconomicsНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»15122019114VOL 11, NO4 (2019)ТОМ 11, №4 (2019)30531410042020Copyright ©; 2019, Volosyuk O.V., Phyo Naing W.Y.Copyright ©; 2019, Волосюк О.В., Пьё Найнг В.Я.2019Volosyuk O.V., Phyo Naing W.Y.Волосюк О.В., Пьё Найнг В.Я.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/23434

This article deals with the evolution of Sino-Myanmar relations in the late 1980s as a result of the Chinese economic expansion. The “8888 Uprising” of August 1988 was suppressed be the military who retook power in the country. Condemning the repressions of the military government, Western countries and Japan sharply reduced aid to Burma. India closed borders and set up refugee camps along its border with Burma. This situation led to the almost complete isolation of Burma in the international community. China appeared as the only strategic ally of the country in the region. According to the official statistics, Chinese businesses were significantly expanded in Myanmar in 1988-1990. However, despite the remarkable improvement in trade dialogue, problems such as migrants and unbalanced trade emerged, creating fissures in Sino-Myanmar ties. The article examines various cases which caused a negative attitude of the people of Myanmar towards the Chinese and even led to the emergence of a term such as Sinophobia .

В статье рассматривается эволюция китайско-мьянманских отношений в конце 1980-х годов в результате экономической экспансии Китая. «Восстание 8888» в августе 1988 года было подавлено военными, которые вернули себе власть в Бирме. Осуждая репрессии военного правительства, западные страны и Япония резко сократили помощь стране. Индия закрыла границы и создала лагеря беженцев вдоль границы с Бирмой. Эта ситуация привела к практически полной изоляции Бирмы в международном сообществе. Китай остался ее единственным стратегическим союзником в регионе. Согласно официальной статистике в 1988-1990 годах китайский бизнес в Мьянме был значительно расширен. Однако, несмотря на значительное улучшение торгового диалога, появились такие проблемы, как мигранты и несбалансированная торговля, что создало некоторые «трещины» в китайско-мьянманских отношениях. В статье рассматриваются различные случаи, которые вызвали негативное отношение народа Мьянмы к китайцам и даже привели к появлению такого термина, как «синофобия».

Burma Socialist Programme PartyMyanmar, ChinaUSUSSRU Ne Winborder tradeSLORCChinese BusinessesYunnanBilateral TradeSLORCБирманская социалистическая программаМьянмаКитайСШАСССРЕСУ Не Виннезаконная приграничная торговлякитайский бизнесЮньнаньдвусторонняя торговлястратегическое партнерствоLutz-Auras L. Russia and Myanmar - Friends in Need? Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, Vol. 34, No. 2, 2015. P. 165-198, Access mode: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301545511_Russia_and_Myanmar_-_Friends_ in_Need (accessed: 17.04.2019).Deutz A. M. United States Human Rights Policy towards Burma: 1988-91, Contemporary Southeast Asia, ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute, Vol. 13, No. 2, September 1991, P. 164- 187, Access mode: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249915250_United_States_ Human_Rights_Policy_towards_Burma_1988-91 (accessed: 17.04.2019).Crossette B. Exhausted Burma Struggles in Isolation, The New York Times, March 23, 1987. Access mode: https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/23/world/exhaustedburma-struggles-in-isolation.html (accessed: 16.04.2019).BoBo. Bakaba Gaungsaung Thakhin ThanHtun yè nauksone naèyet Myar. (The Last days of the Bakaba leader Thakhin Thanhtun). Access mode: https://www.bbc.com/ burmese/in-depth-45589293 (accessed: 17.04.2019).Ajay Kamalakaran. How Russia Supported Burma’s independence struggle, History, April 05, 2016, Russia Beyond the Headlines, Access mode: https://www.rbth.com/ arts/history/2016/04/05/how-russia-supported-burmas-independence-struggle_581631 (17.4.2019) (accessed: 17.04.2019).Tin Maung Maung Than. Myanmar And China: A Special Relationship? ISEASYusof Isak Institute, Southeast Asian Affairs, 2003, Access mode: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27913234 (accessed: 02.02.2019).Kudo Toshihiro, Myanmar’s Economic Relations with China: Can China Support the Myanmar Economy? IDE Discussion Paper, Institute of Developing Economics, Japan External Trade Organization (IDE-JETRO), 2006-07-01. Access mode: http://hdl.handle.net/2344/152 (accessed: 20.04.2019).Burma-China Chronology to 1999, Chronology complied by Burma Peace Foundation, September 1999. Access mode: http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs4/ChinaBurma_Chronology.pdf (accessed: 23.04.2019).Interview with the Myanmar scholar U Min Tayza via telephone (accessed: 21.04.2019).Maung Aung Myoe. In The Name of Pauk-Phaw: Myanmar’s China Policy Since 1948, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 2011. P. 107.U Myo Thit. A Nee Khit Tayout-Myanmar Setsann Yay (Contemporary ChinaMyanmar Relations) (1988-2015). Access mode: https://www.bbc.com/burmese/indepth-41670417 (accessed: 23.04.2019).Le Bail H., Tournier A., Form Kunming to Mandalay: The New “Burma Road”, Developments along the Sino-Myanmar Border since 1988, L’Institut Francais des relations internationals, March 2010. Access mode: http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs08/ IFRI_av25lebailtourniere(en).pdf (accessed: 23.04.2019).McCarthy S. Ten Years of Chaos in Burma: Foreign Investment and Economic Liberalization under the SLORC-SPDC (1988 to 1998). Pacific Affairs, Summer 2000, P. 233-262, Access mode: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261742544_Ten_ Years_of_Chaos_in_Burma_Foreign_Investment_and_Economic_Liberalization_und er_the_SLORC-SPDC_1988_to_1998. (accessed: 25.04.2019).Steinberg D. I. & Hongwei Fun. Modern China-Myanmar Relations: Dilemmas of Mutual Dependence, NIAS-Nodic Institute of Asian Studies, 2012.Dingxin Zhao. Decline of Political Control in Chinese Universities and the Rise of the 1989 Chinese Student Movement, Sociological Perspectives, SAGE Publications, Inc., Vol. 40, No. 2, 1997. P. 159-182, Access mode: https://journals.sagepub.com/ doi/abs/10.2307/1389520. (accessed: 25.04.2019).Kudo Toshihiro. Myanmar’s Economic Relations with China: Who benefits and who pay? ANU Press, 2008. Access mode: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt24hf5k.10 (accessed: 25.04.2019).