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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8127</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-833X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">19540</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8127-2018-10-2-126-134</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Dialogue of civilizations</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Диалог цивилизаций</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">TIBETAN RELATIONSHIP “CHO-YON” IN QIN SOURCES MID. XVII - END XVIII CENTURIES</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ТИБЕТСКИЙ ПРИНЦИП ОТНОШЕНИЙ «ЧОЙ-ЙОН» В ЦИНСКИХ ИСТОЧНИКАХ XVII-XVIII ВВ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kitinov</surname><given-names>B U</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Китинов</surname><given-names>Баатр Учаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in History, Associate Professor of the Department of World History, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат иторических наук, доцент кафедры всеобщей истории Российского университета дружбы народов</p></bio><email>kitinov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyulina</surname><given-names>A G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Люлина</surname><given-names>Анастасия Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in History, People’s Friendship University of Russia, Faculty of Humanities and Social sciences, Department of Foreign languages</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, ассистент кафедры иностранных языков факультета гуманитарных и социальных наук Российского университета дружбы народов</p></bio><email>alyulina88@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 10, NO2 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 10, №2 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>126</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-11-01"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Kitinov B.U., Lyulina A.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Китинов Б.У., Люлина А.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kitinov B.U., Lyulina A.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Китинов Б.У., Люлина А.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/19540">https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/19540</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the relations between Tibet and the Qing Empire an important place belongs to the traditional spiritual-patronal principle of “Choi-yon”, according to which the supreme lama of Tibet was considered as the religious counselor and mentor of the Emperor. The Emperor in his turn patronized the teachings of the Gelug school and played the role of a “charity”. Neither Tibetan leader nor Qing’s was in priority. After the Dalai Lama V’s visit to the court of the Emperor Shunzhi in 1652, on the basis of “Choi-yon” there was established a religious-political alliance, which existed until the fall of the Qing Empire in 1911. Nevertheless, in the period from the middle of the 17th century to the end of the 18th century we can trace the changes of interpretation of “Choi-yon”, and, first of all, for the status of the Dalai Lama. The Qianlong Emperor in his treatise “Lamasho” (1792) proclaimed domination of the Emperor’s authority before the spiritual guidance of the Lama.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В тибето-цинских отношениях важное место занимал традиционный духовнопатрональный принцип «чой-йон» («духовный наставник - светский покровитель»), согласно которому Далай-лама признавался религиозным советником и наставником императора, а последний покровительствовал учению школы Гелуг, защищал ее интересы и являлся «милостынедателем», при этом обе стороны не выделяли приоритет какой-либо из сторон. После визита Далай-ламы V ко двору императора Шуньчжи в 1652 г. на основе «чой-йон» был заключен религиозно-политический союз, просуществовавший фактически до падения империи Цин в 1911 г. Однако в цинских источниках с середины XVII до конца XVIII в. можно проследить изменение трактовки «чой-йон», и прежде всего - в вопросе статуса Далай-ламы. Император Цяньлун в трактате «Ламашо» (1792) провозгласил главенство власти императора перед духовным наставничеством ламы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>“Choi-yon” principle</kwd><kwd>Tibet</kwd><kwd>Qing Empire</kwd><kwd>Tibet-Qing relations</kwd><kwd>Dalai Lama</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>принцип «чой-йон»</kwd><kwd>Тибет</kwd><kwd>империя Цин</kwd><kwd>тибето-цинские отношения</kwd><kwd>Далай-лама</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Androsov V.P. Indo-tibetskij buddizm. Jenciklopedicheskij slovar’ [Indo-Tibetan Buddhism. Encyclopedic Dictionary]. Moscow, 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андросов В.П. Индо-тибетский буддизм. Энциклопедический словарь. 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