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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8127</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-833X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15496</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">GENDER POLITICS AND NATION-BUILDING: CONSTRUCTING A NEW IMAGE OF FEMININITY IN NORTH KOREA (1945-1957)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ГЕНДЕРНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА И НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО: ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ НОВЫХ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЙ О ЖЕНСТВЕННОСТИ В СЕВЕРНОЙ КОРЕЕ (1945-1957)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>N N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>Наталья Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>nkim@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University “Higher School of Economics”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт востоковедения РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO4 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№4 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-03-06"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Ким Н.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ким Н.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/15496">https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/15496</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">From the beginning of state-building in North Korea, its ideology has always been developed in line with the theory of Korean revolution. Initially, the conception of the Korean revolution was based on the main postulates of the Marxist-Leninist theory of revolution, implying its development changed from a bourgeois-democratic stage to a socialist one. Regarding North Korea, after its liberation from Japanese colonialism, this conception meant a gradual transition from anti-imperialism to the anti-feudal democratic revolution and then to the current socialist regime. For the implementation of the first stage of the Korean revolution in 1946, a series of laws were adopted, which provided a solid basis for socialist transformations in North Korea. Officially, the anti-feudal democratic revolution completed in 1947 with the establishment of the People's Committee of North Korea; however, this began a transitive period that lasted until 1957. Thus, until the present time, the idea of the Korean revolution has been an essential structure of political discourse and has determined the current tasks of nation-building. During the first and transitive stages of the Korean revolution, liquidation of socioeconomic and political inequality, including gender discrimination, was one of the main tasks of state-building. The liberation of women was understood in terms of the theory of class struggle and exploitation and implied granting women equal civil rights and freedom. Korean women were seen as a significant labor source, whose mobilization could significantly contribute to the establishment of socialism. The gender policy in 1945-1957 was mainly aimed at wakening the political conscience of women and their involvement in industrial production. Hence, the new sociopolitical regime and its policies influenced the transformation of traditional femininity and masculinity, which was primarily determined by the dominant neo-Confucian ideology. This study attempts to answer questions regarding how the theory of Korean revolution has impacted gender politics and to what extent North Korea could break with the traditional image of femininity.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">С началом складывания северокорейской государственности политика национального строительства формировалась в строгом соответствии с теорией развития Корейской революции. Изначально концепция Корейской революции базировалась на основных постулатах марксистско-ленинской теории о революции, предполагавшей наличие двух этапов в ее развитии: буржуазно-демократическом и социалистическом. Применительно к Северной Корее после освобождения от японского колониализма речь шла о постепенном перерастании антиимпериалистической, антифеодальной демократической революции в социалистическую. С целью реализации задач первого этапа Корейской революции еще в 1946 г. в Северной Корее был принят ряд законов, заложивших основу для дальнейших социалистических преобразований. Антифеодальная демократическая революция формально завершилась созданием Народного комитета Северной Кореи в 1947 г., после чего начался переходный этап в ее развитии, длившийся до 1957 г. Идея Корейской революции по сей день является структурной основой политического дискурса Северной Кореи, исходя из которой формируются текущие задачи национального строительства. На начальном и переходных этапах развития Корейской революции ликвидация социально-экономического и политического неравноправия в обществе, включая гендерное неравенство, являлась одной из важных задач государственного строительства. Освобождение женщин понималось в терминах теории классовой борьбы и эксплуатации, и, как следствие, сводилось к предоставлению женщинам в первую очередь равных с мужчинами гражданских прав и свобод. Корейские женщины рассматривались в качестве важного трудового ресурса, мобилизация которого имела огромное значение для строительства социалистического общества. В силу существующего подхода гендерная политика в 1945-1957 гг. была направлена, главным образом, на пробуждение политического сознания женщин и активное вовлечение в промышленное производство. В условиях новой социально-политической реальности и проводимой гендерной политики неизбежно должны были меняться представления о женственности и маскулинности, определявшиеся в традиционном корейском обществе неоконфуцианской идеологией. Автор настоящей статьи поставил себе задачу ответить на вопросы, как теория развития Корейской революции повлияла на формирование задач гендерной политики и в какой степени Северной Корее удалось порвать с традиционными представлениями о женственности, сформировать новый взгляд на женщину.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>North Korea</kwd><kwd>nation-building</kwd><kwd>gender politics</kwd><kwd>gender relations</kwd><kwd>femininity</kwd><kwd>revolution</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Северная Корея</kwd><kwd>национальное строительство</kwd><kwd>гендерная политика</kwd><kwd>гендерные отношения</kwd><kwd>женственность</kwd><kwd>революция</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Butler Judith. Gender trouble. N.-Y., 1990.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Cumings Bruce. 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