<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8127</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-833X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1035</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">LESSONS OF CHAVEZ: THE BOLIVARIAN REFORMISM</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>УРОКИ ЧАВЕСА: БОЛИВАРИАНСКИЙ РЕФОРМИЗМ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>N Serafimovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Николай Серафимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">Center of Latin American Studies, Institute of World history</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">Центр латиноамериканских исследований, Институт всеобщей истории</bio><email>nik3334@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO1 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№1 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-09-03"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Иванов Н.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванов Н.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/1035">https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/1035</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">The article analyses reforms of Hugo Chavez (1954-2013, president of Venezuela in 1999-2013). Three years after his death, analyzing his policies, reforms and contribution to the development of the state and nation, we can admit that Chavez was one of the prominent international politicians and public figures of the turn of XX-XXI centuries. He was not only the most influential geopolitical ally of Russia in the Western hemisphere. Reforms of Chávez demonstrate the example of the combination of patriotism, courage and common sense, devotion to his country and its people. The article analyzes the ideological and political origins Chavez’s strategy, his unique “triad” - the combination of religious faith, support of the army and the pursuit of social justice. The author discloses the essence of profound transformations in domestic politics - constitutional reform, nationalization of the oil industry, mining and extraction of raw materials, electricity grids, large-scale projects to improve the social situation of citizens, education and medicine, agrarian reform.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">В статье анализируются реформы Уго Чавеса (1954-2013, президент Венесуэлы в 1999-2013). Спустя три года после его смерти, анализируя проводимую им политику, реформы, вклад в развитие государства и национальную историю, можно смело утверждать, что Чавес является одним из ярких международных политиков и государственных деятелей рубежа XX-XXI в. Он был не только наиболее влиятельным геополитическим союзником России в Западном полушарии. Правление Чавеса - пример сочетания патриотизма, смелости и здравого смысла, служения своей стране и народу. В статье анализируются идейно-политические истоки стратегии Чавеса, характерная для его позиции «триада» - сочетание религиозной веры, опоры на армию и стремления к социальной справедливости. Раскрывается суть глубоких преобразований во внутренней политике - конституционная реформа, национализация нефтяной отрасли, предприятий по добыче сырья, электросетей, крупномасштабные проекты по улучшению социального положения граждан, сферы образования и медицины, аграрная реформа.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Latin America</kwd><kwd>Venezuela</kwd><kwd>Hugo Chavez</kwd><kwd>reforms</kwd><kwd>«Bolivarian socialism»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Латинская Америка</kwd><kwd>Венесуэла</kwd><kwd>Уго Чавес</kwd><kwd>реформы</kwd><kwd>«боливарианский социализм»</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Иванов Н.С. Уго Чавес: штрихи идейно-политического портрета // Латиноамериканский исторический альманах. № 13. 2013.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Brewer Carías A.-R. La constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela 1999. Caracas: 2008.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Chávez Frías H., Chaparro C. “El que me acuse de dictador es un ignorante”: frases de Hugo Chávez. Caracas: 2007.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Chávez Frías H., Grabivker M.J. Venezuela: Integración Latinoamericana y Cooperativismo. Caracas: 2004; Venezuela: del apoyo al. cooperativismo tradicional a la construcción de ciclos comunales // Centro Cultural de la Cooperación. 22.11.2013. URL: http: www.centrocultural.coop/blogs/cooperativismo/2013/11/22/venezuela-delapoyo-al-cooperativismo-tradicional-a-la-construccion-de-ciclos-comunales.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Chávez Frías H.,‎ Rinaldi S. La unidad Latinoamericana. México: 2006.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Conway С. The Cult of Bolívar in Latin American Literature. Miami: University Press of Florida, 2003.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Díaz Polanco J. Salud y Hegemonía en Venezuela: Barrio Adentro, Continente Afuera. Caracas: 2008.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Dieterich H. Hugo Chávez y el socialismo del siglo XXI. Caracas: 2005.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Educación, ciudadanía y democracia: memorias de la IV Asamblea Nacional de Educación, 9 y 10 noviembre 2007. Caracas: 2008.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Evolución del Índice de Desarrollo Humano en Venezuela, 1990-2010 Reporte Social 2010. Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Venezuela. Caracas: 2011.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Gobierno de Chávez hace un gran esfuerzo para mejorar alimentiación del pueblo // Gobierno Bolivariano de Venezuela. Instituto Nacional de Nutrición. INN Noticia. № 4. Mayo 2009.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>González Irago C. Venezuela Human Rights and democracy (1999-2009). Blooming-ton (IN): 2013.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Gott R. In the Shadow of the Liberator: Hugo Chávez and the Transformation of Venezuela. L.: Verso, 2000.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Jones B. Hugo! The Hugo Chávez Story from Mud Hut to Perpetual Revolution. Hanover (New Hampshire): Steerforth, 2007.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Kozameh S. The Misiones Bolivarianas: A Study of Participatory Democracy in Venezuela. San Diego (Cal): 2008.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Las líneas de Chávez. Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías. Moscú, 2010.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Maduro N. La carta abierta al. pueblo de Estados Unidos // El Mundo, Caracas. 17.03.2015.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Mesa-Lago C. Las reformas de pensiones en América Latina y su impacto en los principios de la seguridad social. Proyecto CEPAL “Desarollo y equidad social en América Latina y el Caribe”. Publicación de las Naciones Unidas. N.Y.: 2004.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Observing the Venezuela Presidential Recall Referendum: Comprehensive Report. The Carter Center. The American Program. Atlanta (GA): February 2005.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>El País. Madrid. 15.12.2013; 17.12.2013.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Robertson E. Former US President Carter: Venezuelan Electoral System “Best in the World” // Venezuela Analysis, Caracas. 21.09.2012</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Rodríguez P. Petróleo en Venezuela ayer, hoy y mañana: cinco décadas de historia económica venezolana. Caracas: 2006.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>United Nations Statistics Division. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. URL: http: unstats.un.org/unsd/pocketbook/PDF/2013/Venezuela%20(Bolivarian%20Republic%20of); Banco Central de Venezuela; World Economic Outlook Database. International Monetary Fund. URL: http: www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2007/02/weodata/weoselgr.aspx</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>El Universal. Caracas. 23.11.2013; 8.12.2013.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Venezuela da ejemplo de soberanía agroalimentaria // Gobierno Bolivariano de Venezuela. Instituto Nacional de Nutrición. INN Noticia. № 4. Mayo 2009.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Washington Post. 06.03.2013.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>World Happiness Report 2013 / Ed. by John Helliwell, Richard Layard, Jeffrey Sachs. The Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN). Global Initiative for the United Nations. N.Y.: 2013.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
