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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Строительная механика инженерных конструкций и сооружений</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1815-5235</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-8700</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">52518</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/1815-5235-2026-22-3-183-198</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">LCSKFX</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Analytical and numerical methods of analysis of structures</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Аналитические и численные методы расчета конструкций</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Orthotropic Hyperelastic Model of Concrete Deformation Under Combined Multiaxial Loading</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ортотропная гиперупругая модель деформирования бетона при сложном многоосном нагружении</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5646-0354</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8251-4345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Benin</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бенин</surname><given-names>Андрей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Technical Sciences, Head of the testing laboratory “N.A. Belolyubsky Mechanical Laboratory,” Associate Professor of the Department of Mechanics and Strength of Materials and Structures</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, заведующий испытательной лабораторией «Механическая лаборатория им. проф. Н.А. Белелюбского», доцент кафедры механики и прочности материалов и конструкций</p></bio><email>nich@pgups.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8225-3487</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8879-2244</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>Artem S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>Артем Семенович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Mechanics and Control Processes</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор физико-математических наук, профессор Высшей школы «Механика и процессы управления»</p></bio><email>semenov.artem@googlemail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 22, NO2 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 22, №2 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>183</fpage><lpage>198</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-09-30"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Benin A.V., Semenov A.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Бенин А.В., Семенов А.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Benin A.V., Semenov A.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бенин А.В., Семенов А.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/structural-mechanics/article/view/52518">https://journals.rudn.ru/structural-mechanics/article/view/52518</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A mathematical model is proposed to describe nonlinear deformation of concrete under uniaxial and multiaxial loading. The material model takes into account the difference in the material's resistance to tension and compression. Accounting for orthotropy reflects the directional nature of concrete microcracking. The model accounts for the nonlinearity, multiaxiality, and anisotropy of concrete deformation using a locally orthotropic hyperelastic material model with orthotropic axes coinciding with the principal stress directions. The orthotropic material model takes into account all seven possible joint invariants of the strain tensor and anisotropy tensors. The case of a piecewise quadratic approximation of the elastic potential is studied in detail. Due to the existence of the potential, this model has improved convergence in the numerical solution of nonlinear boundary value problems. A comparison of the results of the proposed locally orthotropic hyperelastic deformation model with experimental data and calculation results using N.I. Karpenko’s orthotropic model demonstrated good prediction accuracy under uniaxial (difference from experiments less than 1%) and multiaxial (difference from experiments less than 15%) loading.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Предложена математическая модель для описания нелинейного деформирования бетона при одноосном и многоосном нагружении с учетом разносопротивляемости материала при растяжении/сжатии. Учет ортотропии отражает направленный характер микрорастрескивания бетона. Модель учитывает нелинейность, многоосность и анизотропию деформирования бетона на основе использования модели локально-ортотропного гиперупругого материала с осями ортотропии, совпадающими с направлениями главных напряжений. В ортотропной модели материала учитываются все семь возможных совместных инвариантов тензора деформации и тензоров анизотропии. Для удобства идентификации детально исследован случай кусочно-квадратичной аппроксимации упругого потенциала. Рассматриваемая модель в силу существования потенциала обладает улучшенной сходимостью при численном решении нелинейных краевых задач. Сравнение результатов предложенной локально-ортотропной гиперупругой модели деформирования с данными экспериментов и результатами расчета по ортотропной модели Н.И. Карпенко продемонстрировали хорошую точность прогнозов при одноосном (отличие от экспериментов менее 1 %) и многоосном нагружении (отличие от экспериментов менее 15 %).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>concrete</kwd><kwd>modeling</kwd><kwd>orthotropic hyperelastic material</kwd><kwd>tension-compression anisotropy</kwd><kwd>non-linear concrete behavior</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бетон</kwd><kwd>моделирование</kwd><kwd>ортотропный гиперупругий материал</kwd><kwd>разносопротивляемость при растяжении/ сжатии</kwd><kwd>нелинейное поведение бетона</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта РНФ № 25-19-00921 «Многоуровневые микроструктурные модели неупругого деформирования и разрушения моно- и поликристаллических жаропрочных сплавов при сложном термомеханическом нагружении».</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The research is funded by the Russian Scientific Foundation № 25-19-00921 “Multilevel microstructural models of inelastic deformation and fracture for monocrystalline and polycrystalline superalloys under complex thermo-mechanical loading.ˮ</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karpenko NI. 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