Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and BuildingsStructural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and BuildingsСтроительная механика инженерных конструкций и сооружений1815-52352587-8700Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)4949510.22363/1815-5235-2025-21-6-585-604FQPAPBConstruction materials and productsСтроительные материалы и изделияReview ArticleSelf-Healing Mechanisms in Nano-Modified Concrete: A Comprehensive Review of Synergy Between Microbial Biomineralization and Nano-AdditivesМеханизмы самовосстановления в наномодифицированном бетоне: комплексный обзор взаимодействия биоминерализации и нанодобавокhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4590-8552EhsaniArminЭхсаниАрмин

postgraduate student, Department of Construction Technologies and Structural Materials, Academy of Engineering

аспирант кафедры технологий строительства и конструкционных материалов, инженерная академия

arminehsani97@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5939-3257NasimiShahinНасимиШахин

postgraduate student, Department of Construction Technologies and Structural Materials, Academy of Engineering

аспирант кафедры технологий строительства и конструкционных материалов, инженерная академия

shahin.nasimi@yahoo.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9923-176X570605727005568-0834ShambinaSvetlana L.ШамбинаСветлана Львовна

Candidate of Technical Science, Associate Professor in Department of Construction Technologies and Structural Materials, Academy of Engineering

кандидат технических наук, доцент аспирант кафедры технологий строительства и конструкционных материалов, инженерная академия

shambina_sl@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7839-73816065-1733YazyevSerdar B.ЯзыевСердар Батырович

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Head of the Department Construction Technologies and Structural Materials, Academy of Engineering

доктор технических наук, заведующий кафедрой технологий строительства и конструкционных материалов, инженерная академия

yazyev_sb@pfur.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-1523-9439KireevOleg L.КиреевОлег Леонидович

Senior Lecturer of the Department of Construction Technology and Structural Materials, Academy of Engineering

старший преподаватель кафедры технологий строительства и конструкционных материалов, инженерная академия

kireev_ol@pfur.ruRUDN UniversityРоссийский университет дружбы народов0304202621658560404042026Copyright ©; 2026, Ehsani A., Nasimi S., Shambina S.L., Yazyev S.B., Kireev O.L.Copyright ©; 2026, Эхсани А., Насими Ш., Шамбина С.Л., Языев С.Б., Киреев О.Л.2026Ehsani A., Nasimi S., Shambina S.L., Yazyev S.B., Kireev O.L.Эхсани А., Насими Ш., Шамбина С.Л., Языев С.Б., Киреев О.Л.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/structural-mechanics/article/view/49495

The environmental impact of using different building materials to make sustainable concrete is important. The use of nanotechnology in industry has become increasingly important since sustainable development was established as a necessity to protect the environment and the interests of future generations. However, cracking is still a big problem, causing structural deterioration and shorter service life. Novel approaches to self-healing concrete have been made possible by recent developments in nanotechnology and biotechnology, which have improved the material’s endurance and mechanical qualities. This study investigates the use of microbial agents, namely alkali-resistant bacteria like Bacillus, and nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes and nano-silica, to create self-repairing concrete. While microorganisms incorporated in porous expanded clay (LECA) create calcium carbonate to seal cracks on their own, nanomaterials enhance the strength, impermeability, and resistance of concrete to external conditions. In addition, technologies like as shape-memory alloys, hollow fibers, and microencapsulation are being researched for crack repair. Additionally, by comprehending self-healing nano-concrete’s remarkable mechanical qualities and durability performance, environmental effects and retrofitting expenses related to structures can be reduced. According to experimental findings, bacterial self-healing concrete closes all cracks in two months, but conventional concrete only closes 33% of them. These technologies promise a fundamental change toward sustainable, long-lasting, and intelligent infrastructure, despite obstacles including high costs, nanoparticle dispersion, and long-term viability. Future studies seek to refine these techniques for widespread use while maintaining environmental safety and economic viability.

Влияние использования различных строительных материалов на окружающую среду при производстве экологически безопасного бетона имеет большое значение. Использование нанотехнологий в промышленности становится все более актуальным с тех пор, как устойчивое развитие стало необходимостью для защиты окружающей среды и интересов будущих поколений. Однако растрескивание по-прежнему остается большой проблемой, вызывающей ухудшение структуры и сокращение срока службы. Новые подходы к самовосстановлению бетона стали возможны благодаря последним разработкам в области нанотехнологий и биотехнологий, которые повысили выносливость и механические качества материала. Авторами изучено использование микробных агентов, а именно щелочеустойчивых бактерий типа Bacillus, и наноматериалов, включая углеродные нанотрубки и нанокремнезем, для создания самовосстанавливающегося бетона. В то время как микроорганизмы, внедренные в пористый керамзит, создают карбонат кальция для самостоятельной заделки трещин, наноматериалы повышают прочность, непроницаемость и устойчивость бетона к внешним условиям. Кроме того, для ремонта трещин исследуются такие технологии, как сплавы с памятью формы, полые волокна и микрокапсулы. Также осознание замечательных механических свойств и долговечности самовосстанавливающегося нанобетона позволяет сократить воздействие на окружающую среду и расходы на модернизацию конструкций. Согласно экспериментальным данным, бактериальный самовосстанавливающийся бетон закрывает все трещины за два месяца, в то время как обычный бетон закрывает только 33 % из них. Эти технологии обещают фундаментальные изменения в сторону устойчивой, долговечной и интеллектуальной инфраструктуры, несмотря на такие препятствия, как высокая стоимость, дисперсность наночастиц и долгосрочная жизнеспособность. Будущие исследования направлены на совершенствование этих технологий для широкого применения при сохранении экологической безопасности и экономической жизнеспособности.

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