<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Строительная механика инженерных конструкций и сооружений</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1815-5235</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-8700</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">35856</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/1815-5235-2023-19-2-199-209</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CUKIGR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Analysis and design of building structures</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Расчет и проектирование строительных конструкций</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Rational structural solutions for triangular trusses</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Рациональные конструктивные решения треугольных ферм</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9107-6606</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Repin</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Репин</surname><given-names>Владимир Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Building Structures, Institute of Аrchitecture, Civil Engineering and Energy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры строительных конструкций, Институт архитектуры, строительства и энергетики</p></bio><email>skia2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6065-678X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukina</surname><given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукина</surname><given-names>Анастасия Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Building Structures, Institute of Аrchitecture, Civil Engineering and Energy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры строительных конструкций, Институт архитектуры, строительства и энергетики</p></bio><email>pismo.33@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6160-9889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Usov</surname><given-names>Alexey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усов</surname><given-names>Алексей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>master's student, Institute of Аrchitecture, Civil Engineering and Energy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистрант, Институт архитектуры, строительства и энергетики</p></bio><email>usovlexx@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Владимирский государственный университет имени А.Г. и Н.Г. Столетовых</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 19, NO2 (2023)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 19, №2 (2023)</issue-title><fpage>199</fpage><lpage>209</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-09-05"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Repin V.A., Lukina A.V., Usov A.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Репин В.А., Лукина А.В., Усов А.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Repin V.A., Lukina A.V., Usov A.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Репин В.А., Лукина А.В., Усов А.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/structural-mechanics/article/view/35856">https://journals.rudn.ru/structural-mechanics/article/view/35856</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">Wooden rafter structures have undoubted advantages, which determine their wide application. The object of the study is triangular rafter structures. The purpose of the research is to find the dependence of force values in the elements of the studied structure on the magnitude of its lifting boom. The calculation of a triangular truss using the Maxwell - Cremona diagram is presented. The efficiency of the proposed method was estimated on the basis of a study of the structure of a wooden truss of the “scissors” type. The following pattern has been established: the change in the coordinates of the points (abscissas) of the force diagram is inversely proportional to the change in f . It is determined the area of rational values of the lift (roof slope) at which the values of internal forces tend to a minimum. It was revealed that the values of force increments in the truss elements at each step increase from 27% to 2 times when the roof slope de-creases. Based on the graphical analysis of the obtained data the range of effective values of the roof slope at which the forces in the elements of the truss take minimum values was found. Using a graphic method of determining the forces, it is possible to check variants of the roof slope in the search for a rational solution of the “scissor” type truss structure. It follows that the proposed method contributes to the choice of the most economical structural solutions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Деревянные стропильные конструкции обладают несомненными достоинствами, обуславливающими их широкое применение. В качестве объекта исследования выбраны треугольные стропильные конструкции. Цель исследований - установление зависимости значений усилий в элементах обозначенной конструкции от величины ее стрелы подъема. Представлен расчет треугольной фермы с использованием диаграммы Максвелла - Кремоны. Эффективность предлагаемой методики устанавливалась на основе изучения конструкции деревянной фермы типа «ножницы». Обнаружена следующая закономерность: изменение координаты точек (абсцисс) диаграммы усилий обратно пропорционально изменению f . Определена область рациональных значений стрелы подъема (уклона кровли), при которых величины внутренних усилий стремятся к минимуму. Выявлено, что по мере уменьшения уклона кровли значения приращений усилий в элементах фермы на каждом шаге увеличиваются с 27 % в два раза. На основании графического анализа полученных данных найден диапазон эффективных значений уклона кровли, при котором усилия в элементах фермы принимают минимальные значения. Пользуясь графическим методом определения усилий, можно проверять варианты уклона кровли в поиске рационального решения конструкции фермы типа «ножницы». Таким образом, предлагаемый метод способствует выбору наиболее экономичных конструктивных решений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>scissor farm</kwd><kwd>rafter systems</kwd><kwd>Maxwell - Cremona diagram</kwd><kwd>wooden structures</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ферма-ножницы</kwd><kwd>стропильные системы</kwd><kwd>диаграмма Максвелла - Кремоны</kwd><kwd>деревянные конструкции</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the state task in the field of scientific activity of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (theme FZUN-2020-0015, state assignment VlSU).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания в сфере научной деятельности Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (тема FZUN-2020-0015, госзадание ВлГУ).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kromoser B., Braun M., Ortner M. Construction of all-wood trusses with plywood nodes and wooden pegs: a strategy towards resource-efficient timber construction. Applied Sciences. 2021;11(6):2568. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062568</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roshchina S.I., Lukin M.V., Lukina A.V., Lisyatnikov M.S. Increased performance properties wood weakened biodeterioration by modifying the adhesive composition based on an epoxy resin. Scientific and Technical Volga Region Bulletin. 2014;(4):182-184. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рощина С.И., Лукин М.В., Лукина А.В., Лисятников М.С. Повышение эксплуатационных свойств древесины, ослабленной биоповреждением, путем модификации клеевой композицией на основе эпоксидной смолы // Научно-технический вестник Поволжья. 2014. № 4. С. 182-184.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Sergeev M., Rimshin V., Lukin M., Zdralovic N. Multi-span composite beam. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020;896:012058. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/896/1/012058</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Ferretti F., Pozza L., Talledo D.A. Robustness analysis of historical timber roofs: a case study of the Gaggiandre shipyard at the Arsenale of Venice. Buildings. 2022;12(11):1773. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111773</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lisitsky I.I., Zhadanov V.I., Rudnev I.V. Wooden trusses with nodal joints on glued flat rods. Industrial and Civil Engineering. 2020;(4):9-15. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33622/0869-7019.2020.04.09-15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лисицкий И.И., Жаданов В.И., Руднев И.В. Деревянные фермы с узловыми соединениями на вклеенных плоских стержнях // Промышленное и гражданское строительство. 2020. № 4. С. 9-15. https://doi.org/10.33622/0869-7019.2020.04.09-15</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Nasiri B., Piccardo C., Hughes M. Estimating the material stock in wooden residential houses in Finland. Waste Management. 2021;135(1):318-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.09.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Kuda D., Petříčková M. Modular timber gridshells. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering. 2021;28(1):72-79. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.28.1.27617</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Xu Z., Cui Y., Li B. Truss structure optimization design based on FE-PSO-SQP algorithm. In: Kountchev R., Mironov R., Nakamatsu K. (eds.) New Approaches for Multidimensional Signal Processing. NAME SP2022. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. 2022;332:151-158. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7842-5_14</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Wang S., Ma Y., Deng Z. Stretching-dominated truss lattice materials: elastic anisotropy evaluation, control, and design. Composite Structures. 2022;298(2):116004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.116004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhidkov K.E., Zverev V.V., Kapyrin N.V. Experimental full-scale studies of wooden trusses on metal serrated plates. Structural Mechanics and Structures. 2021;(4):90-98. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.36622/VSTU.2021.31.4.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жидков К.Е., Зверев В.В., Капырин Н.В. Экспериментальные натурные исследования деревянных ферм на металлических зубчатых пластинах // Строительная механика и конструкции. 2021. № 4 (31). С. 90-98. https://doi.org/10.36622/VSTU.2021.31.4.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Xia Y., Langelaar M., Hendriks M.A.N. Optimization-based strut-and-tie model generation for reinforced concrete structures under multiple load conditions. Engineering Structures. 2022;266:114501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114501</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>He L., Li Q., Gilbert M., Shepherd P., Rankine C., Pritchard T., Reale V. Optimization-driven conceptual design of truss structures in a parametric modelling environment. Structures. 2022;37:469-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.12.048</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Massafra A., Prati D., Predari G., Gulli R. Wooden truss analysis, preservation strategies, and digital documentation through parametric 3D modeling and HBIM workflow. Sustainability. 2020;12(12):4975. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124975</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Medwadowski S.J. Aesthetics of wood structures. Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures. 1983;26-2(88):31-50.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kholodar B.G. Determination of truss stress-strain state with Cremona - Maxwell diagram. Vestnik of Brest State Technical University. 2016;(1):39-42. (In Russ.) Available from: https://www.elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_36945943_89428079.pdf (accessed: 15.12.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Холодарь Б.Г. Определение напряженно-деформированного состояния фермы с использованием диаграммы Максвелла - Кремоны // Вестник Брестского государственного технического университета. Строительство и архитектура. 2016. № 1 (97). С. 39-42. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_36945943_89428079.pdf (дата обращения: 15.12.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Millar C., McRobie A., Baker W.F. A graphical method for determining truss stability. Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures. 2020;61(4):285-295. https://doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2020.011</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khokhlov A.V. Properties of loading and unloading diagrams generated by a nonlinear maxwell-type determining relation for rheonomic materials. Journal of Samara State Technical University. Series: Physical and Mathematical Sciences. 2018;22(2):293-324. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14498/vsgtu1573</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хохлов А.В. Свойства диаграмм нагружения и разгрузки, порождаемых нелинейным определяющим соотношением типа максвелла для реономных материалов // Вестник Самарского государственного технического университета. Серия: Физико-математические науки. 2018. Т. 22. № 2. С. 293-324. https://doi.org/10.14498/vsgtu1573</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Kromoser B., Braun M., Ortner M. Construction of all-wood trusses with plywood nodes and wooden pegs: a strategy towards resource-efficient timber construction. Applied Sciences. 2021;11(6):2568. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062568</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Beghini L.L., Carrion J., Beghini A., Mazurek A., Baker W.F. Structural optimization using graphic statics. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization. 2013;49:351-366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-013-1002-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Millar C.G., McRobie A. Graphic stability of generalised motions. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2022;256:111787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2022.111787</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
