Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and BuildingsStructural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and BuildingsСтроительная механика инженерных конструкций и сооружений1815-52352587-8700Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)10920ArticlesСтатьиResearch ArticleMETHODS FOR ASSESSING STRENGTH OF BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANESМЕТОДЫ ОЦЕНКИ ПРОЧНОСТИ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МЕМБРАНHarislamovaL UХАРИСЛАМОВАЛЕЙСАН УСМАНОВНАаспирантlejsanh@yandex.ruYakupovS NЯКУПОВСАМАТ НУХОВИЧканд. техн. наук, ст. науч. сотрудникlejsanh@yandex.ruInstitute of Mechanics and Engineering, Kazan Science Center, Russian Academy of SciencesИММ КазНЦ РАН150620146NO6 (2014)№6 (2014)657112092016Copyright ©; 2016, Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and BuildingsCopyright ©; 2016, Строительная механика инженерных конструкций и сооружений2016Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and BuildingsСтроительная механика инженерных конструкций и сооруженийhttps://journals.rudn.ru/structural-mechanics/article/view/10920The article is devoted to a review of the experimental methods for studying the mechani- cal properties of various biological objects (biological tissues). The mechanical properties are used to evaluate and monitor the quality of agricultural products. In particular, the experimen- tal data will help to improve equipment for harvesting, to develop effective methods of trans- portation and packing of a crop. Two-dimensional experimental method of determining the mechanical characteristics of exocarp (peel) of apples was devoted. The example was consid- ered.Приводится обзор экспериментальных методов изучения механических свойств различных биологических объектов (биологических тканей). Механические свойства используются для оценки и контроля качества сельскохозяйственной продукции. В ча- стности, экспериментальные данные необходимы для совершенствования оборудова- ния для сбора урожая, для разработки эффективных методов транспортировки и упа- ковки урожая. Развит двумерный экспериментальный метод определения механиче- ских характеристик экзокарпия (кожица) яблока. Рассмотрен примерmechanical propertiesstrengthexperimental methodsbiological mem- branesindentation methodexperimental and theoretical methodмеханические свойствапрочностьэкспериментальные ме- тодыбиологические мембраныинденторный методэкспериментально-теоретический метод1.Рубин А.Б. Биофизика клеточных процессов. МГУ, 2004. с. 471.2.Dintwaa E., Jancsoka P., Mebatsiona H.K., Verlindena B., Verbovena P., Wang C.X., Thomas C.R., Tijskens E., Ramona H., Nicolai B. A ?nite element model for mechanical de- formation of single tomato suspension cells // J. of Food Engineering 103, 2011. P. 265-272.3.Meyers Marc Andre, Chen Po-Yu, Yu-Min Lin Albert, Seki Yasuaki. Biological materi- als: Structure and mechanical properties // Progress in Materials Science. Vol.53, Issue 1, Jan- uary 2008, p. 1-206.4.Hepworth D. G., Bruce D. M. Measuring the Deformation of Cells within a Piece of Compressed Potato Tuber Tissue // Annals of Botany 86. 2000, p.287-292.5.RKRTIL Nilsson S., Hellmuth Hertz C., Falk Stig. On the Relation between Turgor Pressure and Tissue Rigidity. Theoretical Calculations on Model Systems // PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM, VOL. 11. 1958 pages 818-837.6.Dobrzanski Bohdan, Rabcewicz Jacek, Rybczynski Rafa. Handling of Apple transport techniques and efficiency vibration, damage and bruising texture , firmness and quality. ALF- GRAF, UL. KOSCIUSZKI 4, 20-006 Lublin.2006, 234 p.7.Abbott1 Judith A., Roger Harker F.: www.ba.ars.usda.gov/ hb66/021texture.pdf (дата обращения: 10.11.2013).8.Judith A. Abbott, Alley E. Watada, and David R. Massie. Effe-gi, Magness-Taylor, and Instron Fruit Pressure Testing Devices for Apples, Peaches, and Nectarines // Amer. Soc. Hort. 1976. Sci. 101(6): 698-700.9.Thompson R.L., Fleming H.P., Hamann D.D., Monroe R.J. Method for determination of firmness in cucumber slices // Journal of Texture Studies, 13 (1982), p. 311-324.10.Thompson R.L., Fleming H.P., Hamann D.D. Delineation of puncture forces for exo- carp and mesocarp tissues in cucumber fruit// J. of Texture Studies, 23 (1992), 169-184.11.Shirmohammadi M., Yarlagadda P. Experimental study on mechanical properties of pumpkin tissue // Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 54/1, (2012) 16-24. Grotte M., Duprat F., Loonis D. & Pitri E. Mechanical properties of the skin and the flesh of apples // International Journal of Food Properties, 4:1, 2001, p. 149-16.12.Duprat F., Grotte M., Loonis D., Pietri E. Simultaneous measurement of apple flesh and apple skin firmness by puncture testing // Sciencies des aliments. 20 (2), 2000, p. 253-263. 113.Seyed Mohammad Ali Razavi, Maryam Bahram Parvar. Some Physical and Me- chanical Properties of Kiwifruit // Int. J. of Food Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Article 3, 2007.14.Sagsozи S., Alaunt F.N. Comparison of some methods to determine the modulus of elasticity of some onion varieties // Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(9), 2001, p. 798-800.15.Zhiguo Li, Pingping Li, Jizhan Liu. Effect of tomato internal structure on its me- chanical properties and degree of mechanical damage // African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 9(12), 22 March, 2010, pp. 1816-1826.16.Abbas Gorji Chakespari, Ali Rajabipour, Hossein Mobli. Strength Behavior Study of Apples under Compression Loading // Modern Applied Science, Vol. 4, No.7; July 2010.17.Alamar M.C., Vanstreels E. etc. Micromechanical behaviour of apple tissue in tensile and compression tests: Storage conditions and cultivar effect // Journal of Food Engineering, 86 (2008), p. 324-333.18.Grotte M., Duprat F. et al. Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and Lame's coefficients of golden delicious apple // Int. Journal of Food Properties. Published online: 06 Feb 2007. Aviara N.A., Shittu S.K., Haque M.A. Physical properties of guna fruits relevant in bulk handling and mechanical processing // Int. Agrophysics, 2007, 21, p. 7-16.19.Amir H., Afkari Sayyah, Behrooz Esmailpour. Apple firmness measurement based on visco-elastic properties // J. of Food, Agriculture & Environment, Vol.6 (2), 2008, 276-279.20.Piotr M. Pieczywek, Artur Zdunek. Study on model development of plant tissue using the finite element method // Inside Food Symposium, 9-12 April 2013, Leuven, Belgium.21.Галимов Н.К., ЯкуповН.М., Якупов С.Н. Экспериментально-теоретический ме- тод определения механических характеристик сферических пленок и мембран со слож- ной структурой // МТТ, №3, 2011, c. 58-66.22.Якупов Н.М., Нуруллин Р.Г., Якупов С.Н. Методология исследования механиче- ских характеристик тонких пленок и нанопленок // Вестник Машиностроения. 2009. №6, c. 44-47.23.Якупов Н.М., Нургалиев А.Р., Якупов С.Н. Методика испытания пленок и мем- бран в условиях равномерного распределенного поверхностного давления // Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов. 2008. Т.74, №11, c. 54-56.24.Якупов Н.М., Якупов С.Н. Пленки неоднородной структуры // Строительная ме- ханика инженерных конструкций и сооружений. 2009, №1. С.60-70.25.Рубин А.Б. Биофизика клеточных процессов. МГУ, 2004. с. 471.26.Dintwaa E., Jancsoka P., Mebatsiona H.K., Verlindena B., Verbovena P., Wang C.X., Thomas C.R., Tijskens E., Ramona H., Nicolai B. A ?nite element model for mechanical de- formation of single tomato suspension cells // J. of Food Engineering 103, 2011. P. 265-272.27.Meyers Marc Andre, Chen Po-Yu, Yu-Min Lin Albert, Seki Yasuaki. Biological materi- als: Structure and mechanical properties // Progress in Materials Science. Vol.53, Issue 1, Jan- uary 2008, p. 1-206.28.Hepworth D. G., Bruce D. M. Measuring the Deformation of Cells within a Piece of Compressed Potato Tuber Tissue // Annals of Botany 86. 2000, p.287-292.29.RKRTIL Nilsson S., Hellmuth Hertz C., Falk Stig. On the Relation between Turgor Pressure and Tissue Rigidity. Theoretical Calculations on Model Systems // PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM, VOL. 11. 1958 pages 818-837.30.Dobrzanski Bohdan, Rabcewicz Jacek, Rybczynski Rafa. Handling of Apple transport techniques and efficiency vibration, damage and bruising texture , firmness and quality. ALF- GRAF, UL. KOSCIUSZKI 4, 20-006 Lublin.2006, 234 p.31.Abbott1 Judith A., Roger Harker F.: www.ba.ars.usda.gov/ hb66/021texture.pdf (дата обращения: 10.11.2013).32.Judith A. Abbott, Alley E. Watada, and David R. Massie. Effe-gi, Magness-Taylor, and Instron Fruit Pressure Testing Devices for Apples, Peaches, and Nectarines // Amer. Soc. Hort. 1976. Sci. 101(6): 698-700.33.Thompson R.L., Fleming H.P., Hamann D.D., Monroe R.J. Method for determination of firmness in cucumber slices // Journal of Texture Studies, 13 (1982), p. 311-324.34.Thompson R.L., Fleming H.P., Hamann D.D. Delineation of puncture forces for exo- carp and mesocarp tissues in cucumber fruit// J. of Texture Studies, 23 (1992), 169-184.35.Shirmohammadi M., Yarlagadda P. Experimental study on mechanical properties of pumpkin tissue // Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 54/1, (2012) 16-24.36.Grotte M., Duprat F., Loonis D. & Pitri E. Mechanical properties of the skin and the flesh of apples // International Journal of Food Properties, 4:1, 2001, p. 149-16.37.Duprat F., Grotte M., Loonis D., Pietri E. Simultaneous measurement of apple flesh and apple skin firmness by puncture testing // Sciencies des aliments. 20 (2), 2000, p. 253-263.38.Seyed Mohammad Ali Razavi, Maryam Bahram Parvar. Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Kiwifruit // Int. J. of Food Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue 6, Article 3, 2007.39.Sagsozи S., Alaunt F.N. Comparison of some methods to determine the modulus of elasticity of some onion varieties // Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(9), 2001, p. 798-800.40.Zhiguo Li, Pingping Li, Jizhan Liu. Effect of tomato internal structure on its me- chanical properties and degree of mechanical damage // African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 9(12), 22 March, 2010, pp. 1816-1826.41.Abbas Gorji Chakespari, Ali Rajabipour, Hossein Mobli. Strength Behavior Study of Apples under Compression Loading // Modern Applied Science, Vol. 4, No.7; July 2010.42.Alamar M.C., Vanstreels E. etc. Micromechanical behaviour of apple tissue in tensile and compression tests: Storage conditions and cultivar effect // Journal of Food Engineering, 86 (2008), p. 324-333.43.Grotte M., Duprat F. et al. Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and Lame's coefficients of golden delicious apple // Int. Journal of Food Properties. Published online: 06 Feb 2007.44.Aviara N.A., Shittu S.K., Haque M.A. Physical properties of guna fruits relevant in bulk handling and mechanical processing // Int. Agrophysics, 2007, 21, p. 7-16.45.Amir H., Afkari Sayyah, Behrooz Esmailpour. Apple firmness measurement based on visco-elastic properties // J. of Food, Agriculture & Environment, Vol.6 (2), 2008, 276-279.46.Piotr M. Pieczywek, Artur Zdunek. Study on model development of plant tissue using the finite element method // Inside Food Symposium, 9-12 April 2013, Leuven, Belgium.47.Галимов Н.К., ЯкуповН.М., Якупов С.Н. Экспериментально-теоретический ме- тод определения механических характеристик сферических пленок и мембран со слож- ной структурой // МТТ, №3, 2011, c. 58-66.48.Якупов Н.М., Нуруллин Р.Г., Якупов С.Н. Методология исследования механиче- ских характеристик тонких пленок и нанопленок // Вестник Машиностроения. 2009. №6, c. 44-47.49.Якупов Н.М., Нургалиев А.Р., Якупов С.Н. Методика испытания пленок и мем- бран в условиях равномерного распределенного поверхностного давления // Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов. 2008. Т.74, №11, c. 54-56.50.Якупов Н.М., Якупов С.Н. Пленки неоднородной структуры // Строительная ме- ханика инженерных конструкций и сооружений. 2009, №1. С.60-70.