<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Социология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2272</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8897</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumamba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6524</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Contemporary society: the urgent issues and prospects for development</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Современное общество: актуальные проблемы и перспективы развития</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Identity, non-governmental organizations, and religion in the European integration</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Идентичность, негосударственные организации и религия в европейской интеграции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mudrov</surname><given-names>S A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мудров</surname><given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Institute for Advanced Study</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Институт последипломного образования</p></bio><email>mudrov@tut.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">New Europe College</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Новоевропейский колледж</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 16, NO1 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 16, №1 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, S A Mudrov</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Социология</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">S A Mudrov</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Социология</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/6524">https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/6524</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The signing of the Treaty of Maastricht (1992) has strengthened a non-economic component of European integration and has objectively reinforced the position of social constructivism among the theories of European integration. Thus, it has become possible to take into account the role of identity, non-governmental organisations and religion in the process of unification of Europe. The role of religious factors was particularly pronounced in article 17 of the Treaty of Lisbon (2009), which established open and regular dialogue between the European Union (EU) and the Churches. This article emphasises that identity is present in the EU in the form of national and European identities. Religion and values are among the parameters of identity. The role of non-state actors is explained by the desire of the European Commission to strengthen its legitimacy, and by the necessity of wider consultations, in view of growing complexities of the issues at the EU agenda. The role of Churches has been defined by the presence of the above mentioned parameters and by the meaning of religion in history of Europe. Churches contribute to integration as non-state actors and as participants of identity formation. At the same time, Churches are different from other actors, since they have their own ‘agenda’, formed by the moral and theological doctrines. In general, one can note the increasing role and meaning of religious factor at the European level.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Подписание Маастрихтского соглашения (1992 г.) усилило неэкономическую составляющую европейской интеграции и объективно укрепило позиции социального конструкционизма среди теорий европейской интеграции. Таким образом, была признана возможность учитывать роль идентичности, неправительственных организаций и религии в процессе унификации Европы. При этом роль религиозного фактора была особо отмечена в статье 17 Лиссабонского договора (2009 г.), установившего необходимость открытого и регулярного диалога между Европейским Союзом (ЕС) и церквями. Идентичность, как подчеркивается в данной статье, присутствует в ЕС в форме национальной и европейской идентичностей. Параметрами идентичности являются религия и ценности. Роль негосударственных субъектов обусловлена желанием Европейской комиссии усилить свою легитимность, а также необходимостью более широких консультаций в силу растущей сложности решаемых Евросоюзом задач. Роль церквей определяется исходя из присутствия указанных выше параметров, а также с учетом значения религии в истории Европы. Церкви вносят вклад в интеграцию как негосударственные субъекты и как участники формирования идентичности. При этом церкви отличаются от остальных акторов и имеют собственную «повестку дня», обусловленную морально-нравственными и богословскими доктринами. В целом можно отметить усиление роли и значения религиозного фактора на европейском уровне.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>European Union</kwd><kwd>religion</kwd><kwd>Churches</kwd><kwd>European integration</kwd><kwd>identity</kwd><kwd>non-governmental organizations</kwd><kwd>social constructivism</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Европейский Союз</kwd><kwd>религия</kwd><kwd>церкви</kwd><kwd>европейская интеграция</kwd><kwd>идентичность</kwd><kwd>неправительственные организации</kwd><kwd>социальный конструкционизм</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alfeyev H. On which values is Europe built? // Conference of European Churches, 2006 // URL: http://www.cec-kek.org/pdf/CLHilarion.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alfeyev H. On which values is Europe built? // Conference of European Churches, 2006. URL: http://www.cec-kek.org/pdf/CLHilarion.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biles J., Spoonley P. National Identity: What It Can Tell Us about Inclusion and Exclusion // National Identities. 2007. Vol.9. №3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biles J., Spoonley P. National Identity: What It Can Tell Us about Inclusion and Exclusion // National Identities. 2007. Vol. 9. № 3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brubaker R., Cooper F. Beyond Identity // Theory and Society. 2000. №29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brubaker R., Cooper F. Beyond Identity // Theory and Society. 2000. № 29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caporaso J. The dual nature of European identity: subjective awareness and coherence // Journal of European public policy. 2009. №16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caporaso J. The dual nature of European identity: subjective awareness and coherence // Journal of European public policy. 2009. № 16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carey S. Undivided loyalties: Is national identity an obstacle to European integration // Euro-pean Union Politics. 2002. №3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carey S. Undivided loyalties: Is national identity an obstacle to European integration // European Union Politics. 2002. № 3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Challand B. From hammer and sickle to star and crescent: The question of religion for Euro-pean identity and a political Europe // Religion, State and Society. 2009. Vol.37. №1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Challand B. From hammer and sickle to star and crescent: The question of religion for European identity and a political Europe // Religion, State and Society. 2009. Vol. 37. № 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christodoulos. The word and role of orthodoxy in the European Union // Ecclesia, 2000 // URL: http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/EnArchbishop/EnSpeeches/role_of_orthodoxy.html.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christodoulos. The word and role of orthodoxy in the European Union // Ecclesia, 2000. URL: http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/EnArchbishop/EnSpeeches/role_of_orthodoxy.html.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Church of Greece. The Holy Synod of the Church of Greece on the Future of Europe // Eccle-sia, 2003 // URL: http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/EnHolySynod/messages/europe_declaration.html.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Church of Greece. The Holy Synod of the Church of Greece on the Future of Europe // Ecclesia, 2003. URL: http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/EnHolySynod/messages/europe_declaration.html.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cram L. Identity and European integration: diversity as a source of integration // Nations and Nationalism. 2009. №15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cram L. Identity and European integration: diversity as a source of integration // Nations and Nationalism. 2009. № 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Driskell R., Embry E., Lyon L. Faith and politics: The influence of religious beliefs on political participation // Social Science Quarterly. 2008. №89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Driskell R., Embry E., Lyon L. Faith and politics: The influence of religious beliefs on political participation // Social Science Quarterly. 2008. № 89.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Enyedi Z. Conclusion: emerging issues in the study of church-state relations // West European Politics. 2003. №26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Enyedi Z. Conclusion: emerging issues in the study of church-state relations // West European Politics. 2003. № 26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foret F. Religion: a solution or a problem for the legitimization of the European Union? // Re-ligion, State and Society. 2009. Vol.37. №1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foret F. Religion: a solution or a problem for the legitimization of the European Union? // Religion, State and Society. 2009. Vol. 37. № 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goksel D., Gune N., Birden R. The role of NGOs in the European integration process: The Turkish experience // South European Society and Politics. 2005. №10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goksel D., Gune N., Birden R. The role of NGOs in the European integration process: The Turkish experience // South European Society and Politics. 2005. № 10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Habermas J. Notes on post-secular society // New Perspectives Quarterly. 2008. №25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Habermas J. Notes on post-secular society // New Perspectives Quarterly. 2008. № 25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Halman L., Draulans V. How secular is Europe // British Journal of Sociology. 2006. №57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Halman L., Draulans V. How secular is Europe // British Journal of Sociology. 2006. № 57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henderson A., McEwen N. Do shared values underpin national identity? Examining the role of values in national identity in Canada and the United Kingdom // National Identities. 2005. №7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henderson A., McEwen N. Do shared values underpin national identity? Examining the role of values in national identity in Canada and the United Kingdom // National Identities. 2005. № 7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hollinger F., Haller M., Valle-Hollinger A. Christian religion, society and the state in the modern world // Innovation. 2007. №20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hollinger F., Haller M., Valle-Hollinger A. Christian religion, society and the state in the modern world // Innovation. 2007. № 20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huber S., Milzow K. Introduction-taking a closer look at non-state actors: Challenges ahead in European voices: actors and witnesses of European integration / HEIRS, 2007 // URL: http://aei.pitt.edu/7517/01/HEIRS_3rd_colloquium_proceedings.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huber S., Milzow K. Introduction-taking a closer look at non-state actors: Challenges ahead in European voices: actors and witnesses of European integration / HEIRS, 2007. URL: http://aei.pitt.edu/7517/01/HEIRS_3rd_colloquium_proceedings.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jarman H. The other side of the coin: Knowledge, NGOs and EU trade policy // Politics. 2013. №28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jarman H. The other side of the coin: Knowledge, NGOs and EU trade policy // Politics. 2013. № 28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jarré D. The Roles of NGOs at European Union Level. 2005 // URL: http://www.bezrobocie.org.pl/files/ekonomiaspoleczna.pl/public/biblioteka_eS_pliki/Dirk_Jarre_The_Roles_of_NGOs_at_European_Union_Level.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jarré D. The Roles of NGOs at European Union Level. 2005. URL: http://www.bezrobocie.org.pl/files/ekonomiaspoleczna.pl/public/biblioteka_eS_pliki/Dirk_Jarre_The_Roles_of_NGOs_at_European_Union_Level.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korostelina C. The multiethnic state-building dilemma: National and ethnic minorities identi-ties in the Crimea // National Identities. 2003. №5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korostelina C. The multiethnic state-building dilemma: National and ethnic minorities identities in the Crimea // National Identities. 2003. № 5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mayer F., Palmowski J. European identities and the EU – the ties that bind the peoples of Eu-rope // Journal for Common Market Studies. 2004. №42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mayer F., Palmowski J. European identities and the EU - the ties that bind the peoples of Europe // Journal for Common Market Studies. 2004. № 42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McLaren L. Opposition to European integration and fear of loss of national identity: Debunk-ing a basic assumption regarding hostility to the integration project // European Journal of Po-litical Research. 2004. №43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McLaren L. Opposition to European integration and fear of loss of national identity: Debunking a basic assumption regarding hostility to the integration project // European Journal of Political Research. 2004. № 43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Menendez A. A Christian or a Laic Europe? Christian values and European identity // Ratio Juris. 2005. Vol.18. №2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Menendez A. A Christian or a Laic Europe? Christian values and European identity // Ratio Juris. 2005. Vol. 18. № 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Miller D. On Nationality. Oxford, 1997.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minkenberg M. Democracy and religion: Theoretical and empirical observations on the rela-tionship between Christianity, Islam and liberal democracy // Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2007. №33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minkenberg M. Democracy and religion: Theoretical and empirical observations on the relationship between Christianity, Islam and liberal democracy // Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2007. № 33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Mitchel P. Evangelicalism and National Identity in Ulster, 1921-1998. Oxford, 2003.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pettersson Th. Religion in contemporary society: Eroded by human well-being, supported by cultural diversity // Comparative Sociology. 2006. №5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pettersson Th. Religion in contemporary society: Eroded by human well-being, supported by cultural diversity // Comparative Sociology. 2006. № 5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Risse Th. The Euro between national and European identity // Journal of European Public Pol-icy. 2003. №10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Risse Th. The Euro between national and European identity // Journal of European Public Policy. 2003. № 10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Scheuer A. A political community? // Political Representation and Legitimacy in the European Union / A. Scheuer, H. Schmitt, J. Thomassen (eds.). Oxford, 1999.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schlesinger P. On national identity: Some conceptions and misconceptions criticized // Social Science Information. 1987. №26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schlesinger P. On national identity: Some conceptions and misconceptions criticized // Social Science Information. 1987. № 26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steven M. Religious lobbies in the European Union: From dominant church to faith-based or-ganization? // Religion, State and Society. 2009. Vol.37. №1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steven M. Religious lobbies in the European Union: From dominant church to faith-based organization? // Religion, State and Society. 2009. Vol. 37. № 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Summary of the Third Meeting: The Role of Religion in European Integration // URL: http://www.iwm.at/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=370&amp;Itemid=286.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Summary of the Third Meeting: The Role of Religion in European Integration. URL: http://www.iwm.at/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=370&amp;Itemid=286.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Vanheeswijck G. How can we overcome a politics of inarticulacy? // More Europe? A Critical Christian Inquiry into the Process of European Integration. Kampen, 1997.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Warhurst J. The Catholic lobby: Structures, policy styles and religious networks // The Austral-ian Journal of Public Administration. 2008. №67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Warhurst J. The Catholic lobby: Structures, policy styles and religious networks // The Australian Journal of Public Administration. 2008. № 67.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Wendt A. Identity and structural change in international politics // The Return of Culture and Identity in International Relations Theory / Ed. by Y. Lapid, F. Kratochwil. Boulder, 1996.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
