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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Социология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2272</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8897</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumamba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6466</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theory, Methodology and History of Sociological Research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Вопросы истории, теории и методологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The perception of security in the international comparative perspective</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Трактовки понятия «безопасность»: международный сопоставительный контекст</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Díez-Nicolás</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Диас Николас</surname><given-names>Хуан</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>100613.2721@compuserve.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Universidad Europea de Madrid</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Европы в Мадриде</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-02-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 16, NO2 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 16, №2 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>219</fpage><lpage>257</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, J Díez-Nicolás</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Социология</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">J Díez-Nicolás</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Социология</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/6466">https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/6466</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The author considers security a key value in present societies all around the world due to the general change in values since the end of the 20th century, which is characterized by a certain return to more materialistic values and a reduction of personal and economic security under the globalization. The article provides two different but complementary theoretical frameworks for the sociological study of security. The first theoretical frame was developed in the late 1970’s as a reaction to the excessive optimism generated by the high levels and rates of economic development during the previous years. Within this conceptual frame the author groups 59 countries into seven geo-cultural world regions, and identifies the change in values not only as a reduction of post-materialist values, but also as an increase in desires for greater authority in the future, particularly in more developed societies. In the second theoretical scheme all forms of social organization (political, economic, family, educational, etc.) including value systems, are instruments of adaptation of human societies to their environment. Thus, the main hypothesis here is that values change because of the levels of security in society, both personal and economic security: as security levels rise or decline, values change. The author considers both theoretically and empirically four indexes of security - personal, community, national and total. According to the European surveys data, developed countries seem to feel subjectively more secure than less developed countries, but variation even among countries within the same world geo-cultural region is very wide. On the basis of three sets of variables used to explain the four indexes of security (socio-demographic, attitudinal, national defence and a combination of the previous three) the author shows that the combined set seems to be the most robust to explain all four indexes of security. However, there is a great variation in the levels of the four types of security among the seven geo-cultural world regions, and among the countries within each region. This implies that the country continues to be the most important unit of analysis in international comparisons, which should take into account both subjective and objective measures of security.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Автор рассматривает безопасность как ключевую ценность для всех современных типов обществ, что объясняется радикальным изменением ценностной системы с конца ХХ в., суть которой состоит в определенном возрождении материалистических ценностей и снижении уровня личной и экономической безопасности под воздействием глобализации. В статье представлены две различные, но взаимодополняющие концептуальные модели социологического анализа проблем безопасности. Первая оформилась в конце 1970-х гг. в ответ на чрезмерный социальный оптимизм, порожденный высоким уровнем и темпами экономического развития в предыдущие десятилетия. В рамках этой модели автор группирует 59 стран в семь геокультурных мировых регионов, где ценностные изменения состояли не только в сокращении постматериалистических предпочтений, но и в возрастании заинтересованности в большем социальном контроле, особенно в развитых странах. Вторая концептуальная модель определяет все формы социальной организации (политические, экономические, семейные, образовательные и пр.), включая ценностные системы как инструменты адаптации общества к своему окружению. Соответственно, здесь основная гипотеза состоит в том, что ценности меняются под влиянием уровня безопасности - и личной, и экономической - и в случае его возрастания, и в ситуации его падения. Автор рассматривает на теоретическом и эмпирическом уровнях четыре индекса безопасности - личный, групповой, государственный и глобальный. Согласно результатам европейских опросов общественного мнения, развитые страны чувствуют себя в большей субъективной безопасности, чем развивающиеся страны, однако даже внутри каждого геокультурного региона наблюдаются серьезные различия. На базе трех групп переменных, объединенных в четыре индекса безопасности (социально-демографические, установочные, госбезопасности и комбинации всех трех), автор показывает, что наибольшим объяснительным потенциалом по отношению ко всем четырем индексам безопасности обладает комбинированный набор переменных. Однако следует помнить о серьезных различиях четырех типов безопасности - как между семью геокультурными регионами, так и между странами внутри каждого из них. Это означает, что именно страна/государство остается наиболее важной единицей анализа в любых межстрановых сопоставлениях, которые, в свою очередь, должны основываться и на субъективном, и на объективном измерениях безопасности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>security</kwd><kwd>materialistic values</kwd><kwd>post-materialistic values</kwd><kwd>geo-cultural world regions</kwd><kwd>subjective and objective measures of security</kwd><kwd>indexes of security</kwd><kwd>personal security</kwd><kwd>community security</kwd><kwd>national security</kwd><kwd>total security</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>материалистические ценности</kwd><kwd>постматериалистические ценности</kwd><kwd>геокультурные регионы мира</kwd><kwd>субъективное и объективное измерения безопасности</kwd><kwd>индексы безопасности</kwd><kwd>личная безопасность</kwd><kwd>групповая безопасность</kwd><kwd>государственная безопасность</kwd><kwd>глобальная безопасность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Alkire S. 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