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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Социология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2272</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8897</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumamba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6431</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Czechs and Their History: A Contribution to the Study of Historical Consciousness</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Чехи и их история: попытка изучения исторического самосознания</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Šubrt</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шубрт</surname><given-names>Иржи</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Charles University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Факультет гуманитарных наук; Карлов университет</p></bio><email>jiri.subrt@ff.cuni.cz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinopal</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Винопал</surname><given-names>Иржи</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Public Opinion Research Centre at the Institute of Sociology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чешская академия наук; Центр изучения общественного мненияИнститут социологии</p></bio><email>jiri.vinopal@soc.cas.cz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vávra</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вавра</surname><given-names>Мартин</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Charles University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Факультет социальных наук; Карлов университет</p></bio><email>mavavra@centrum.cz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Charles University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Карлов университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Public Opinion Research Centre at the Institute of Sociology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр изучения общественного мненияИнститут социологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2012-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO1 (2012)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№1 (2012)</issue-title><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2012, Šubrt, Vinopal, Vávra</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2012, Социология</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Šubrt, Vinopal, Vávra</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Социология</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/6431">https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/6431</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article aims to provide the first complete overview of the nature and content of the historical consciousness of the Czech population on the basis of sociological methods. Historical consciousness is understood not only as a body of knowledge, impressions, and images of the past, but, above all, as an awareness of certain connections between the past (stored in collective memory), present and future; as a consciousness which has contributed to people's attitudes to the present and the future. The issue of historical consciousness is examines with the tools provided by sociological methods, in particular, quantitative methods. First, the size of the population interested in the history of the Czech Republic as such is assessed; then the focus is shifted to some general aspects of historical consciousness, particularly the ideas of people concerning the importance of the forces shaping the course of history, and their assessment of the general importance of history. In conclusion, the authors present the evaluations by the Czech population of their national history, its key stages and major events. In the final discussion there is a comprehensive interpretation of the empirical data in terms of the existing theoretical research models. In this discussion attention is paid to patterns of historical changes in people's perception of their past, as well as the selectivity of historical consciousness and its influence on the political situation, social changes and personal life experience.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье впервые представлен полный обзор по проблеме природы и содержания исторического самосознания чешского народа на основе использования социологического подхода. Историческое самосознание понимается не только как основа знаний, впечатлений, образов прошлого, но прежде всего как осознание особых связей между прошлым (в коллективной памяти), настоящим и будущим; как фактор, определяющий отношение людей к своему настоящему и будущему. Проблема исторического самосознания рассматривается с применением социологической методологии, в частности количественного подхода. Сначала оценивается численность чешского населения, заинтересованного в своей истории как таковой; затем фокус смещается на общие аспекты исторического самосознания, в частности на понимание чехами движущих сил истории и оценку ее значения; в заключение приводятся оценки чешским населением собственной национальной истории, ее ключевых этапов и важнейших событий. Завершается статья интерпретацией эмпирических данных в контексте существующих теоретических моделей изучения исторических изменений в восприятии людьми своего прошлого, селективности исторического самосознания, его влияния на политическую ситуацию, социальные изменения и личный жизненный опыт.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>historical consciousness</kwd><kwd>collective memory</kwd><kwd>knowledge</kwd><kwd>Czech national history</kwd><kwd>questionnaire survey</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>историческое самосознание</kwd><kwd>коллективная память</kwd><kwd>знание</kwd><kwd>чешская национальная история</kwd><kwd>анкетирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Adamec Č. 1996. Počátky výzkumu veřejného mínění v Českých zemích. Praha: Ústav pro soudobé dějiny AV ČR.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Berger P. 1991. 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