RUDN Journal of SociologyRUDN Journal of Sociology2313-22722408-8897Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumamba6372UnknownThe Present as the Battlefield of AnthropologyBreczkoJ<p>Кафедра философии и психологии; Белостоцкий медицинский университет; Bialystok Medical University</p>breczko@poczta.onet.plBialystok Medical University15032012351707092016Copyright © 2012, Breczko2012<p>Man is a supple creature. One's idea of self affects the person's behavior. In these terms, the anthropological ideas prevailing in culture and stemming from religion, philosophy or ideology, have a considerable impact on its form and development. This article analyzes modern history from the point of view of the birth, evolution and collision of different anthropological conceptions and ideas. This being but a brief essay, the author considers only the major evolution lines of these conceptual patterns, emphasizing the theoretical and practical significance of Kant's question: What is a human being?</p>the history of thoughtanthropologythe science of manMarxismNitzsheismliberalismистория мыслиантропологиячеловеческая наукамарксизмницшеанстволиберализм[Gawin D. Rewolucja czy konstytucjonalizm // Res Publica Nowaю - 1999. - № 1-2.][Kołakowski L. Bóg nam nic nie jest dłużny. Krótka uwaga o religii Pascala i o duchu jansenizmu. - Kraków, 1994.][Kołakowski L. Moje słuszne poglądy na wszystko. - Kraków, 1999.][Merton T., Miłosz Cz. Listy. - Kraków, 2003.]