<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Социология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2272</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8897</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumamba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6347</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Hundred rubles or hundred friends? (The causes of network and market corruption)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сто рублей или сто друзей? (причины сетевой и рыночной коррупции)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravtsova</surname><given-names>M V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравцова</surname><given-names>Мария Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">Laboratory for Comparative Social Research</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">Лаборатория сравнительных социальных исследований</bio><email>maria_krav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University - Higher School of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет - Высшая школа экономики</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-02-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO2 (2014)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№2 (2014)</issue-title><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Sociology</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Социология</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sociology</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Социология</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/6347">https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/6347</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">The author distinguishes two forms of corruption - market corruption and network corruption. The market corruption is the use of public office for personal gain, when every firm or individual who pays a bribe receives public services. The network corruption is the use of public office for personal gain, when only those firms or individuals who are in kinship, friendship or business relationships with public officials receive public services. The author believes that network and market corruption may have different causes and consequences, that is why they should be treated separately. Using Life in Transition Survey II from EBRD (2010) the aggregated level of the market corruption, network corruption and the mixed form of corruption was measured. The results showed that the market corruption and the mixed form are strongly positively correlated and are very sensitive to worsening of socio-economic conditions. The pure network corruption correlates negatively with two other forms and is more inert and stable. The pure network corruption is not associated with worsening of socio-economic conditions and is rather a reaction to the strict anticorruption measures in the poor institutional environment.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">В статье выделены две формы коррупции - рыночная и сетевая. Под рыночной коррупцией понимается использование служебного положения в личных целях, когда каждый человек или фирма, кто платит взятку, может получить желаемую услугу; под сетевой - использование служебного положения в личных целях, когда только те фирмы или индивиды, которые состоят с чиновниками в родственных, дружеских или партнерских отношениях, имеют доступ к коррупционным услугам. Рыночная и сетевая коррупция могут иметь различные причины и последствия, поэтому они требуют раздельного изучения. На основании результатов опроса «Жизнь в переходный период II», организованного Европейским банком реконструкции и развития, были построены агрегированные показатели рыночной, чистой сетевой и смешанной форм коррупции. Автор приходит к выводу, что между рыночной коррупцией и смешанной формой существует сильная положительная корреляция. Обе формы проявляют высокую чувствительность к ухудшению социально-экономических условий. Чистая сетевая коррупция отрицательно коррелирует с двумя другими формами и представляет собой более устойчивый феномен. Она не связана с ухудшением социально-экономического контекста и является ответом на усиление антикоррупционных мер в недостаточно развитой институциональной среде.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>corruption</kwd><kwd>market corruption</kwd><kwd>network corruption</kwd><kwd>‘blat’</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коррупция</kwd><kwd>рыночная коррупция</kwd><kwd>сетевая коррупция</kwd><kwd>«блат»</kwd><kwd>сравнительные исследования</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Кравцова M.В. Коррупция в полиции: Трансформация отношений с бизнесом // Экономическая социология. - 2012. - Vol. 13. - № 2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Dreher A., Schneider F. Corruption and the shadow economy: an empirical analysis // Public Choice. - 2010. - Т. 144. - № 1-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>EBRD research team. Life in Transition after the crisis // Official Report 2011. URL: www.ebrd.com</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Evans P. Predatory, Developmental and Other Apparatuses: A Comparative Political Economy Perspective on the Third World State // Sociological Forum. - 1989. - Vol. 4. - № 4. Special Issue: Comparative National Development: Theory and Facts for the 1990s.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Frye T., Yakovlev A., Yasin Y. The Other Russian Economy: How Everyday Firms View the Rules of the Game in Russia // Social Research: An International Quarterly of the Social Sciences. - 2009. - № 1.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Granovetter M. The social construction of corruption // On Capitalism / Ed. by R. Swedberg, V. Nee. - Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Hellman J.S., Jones G., Kaufmann D. Seize the State, Seize the Day: State Capture, Corruption and Influence in Transition // Policy Research Working Paper. The World Bank Institute Governance, Regulation and Finance, 2000.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Johnston M. Syndromes of Corruption: Wealth, Power and Democracy. - Cambridge University Press, 2005.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Ledeneva A. Shekshnia S. Doing Business in Russia: Informal Practices and Anti-Corruption Strategies // Russia. New Visions. - 2011. - № 58.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Marshall M., Jaggers K., Gurr T. Polity IV Project (Data Users’ Manual) - 2011. URL: http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Montinola G.R., Jackman R.W. Sources of corruption: a cross-country study // British Journal of Political Science. - 2002. - Vol. 32.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Olson M. Dictatorship, democracy, and development // American Political Science Review. - 1993. - Vol. 87. - № 3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Rose-Ackerman S. (Еd.). International Handbook of the Economics of Corruption. - Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2006.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Sandholtz W., Taagepera R. Corruption, Culture and Communism // International Review of Sociology. - 2005. - Vol. 15. - № 1.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Scott C.J. The Analysis of Corruption in Developing Nations // Comparative Studies in Societies and History. - 1969. - № 11.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Shleifer A., Vishny R.W. Corruption // Quarterly Journal of Economics. - 1993. - Vol. 108.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Treisman D. The causes of corruption: a cross-national study // Journal of public economics. - 2000. - Т. 76. - № 3.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
