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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Социология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2272</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8897</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumamba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6257</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Sociological theory and social reality</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Социологическая теория и социальная реальность</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Díez Nicolás</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Диас Николас</surname><given-names>Хуан</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">Department of Sociology II (Human Ecology and Population) School of Political Sciences and Sociology</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">Кафедра социологии II Факультет политических наук и социологии</bio><email>100613.2721@compuserve.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Complutense University of Madrid</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Мадридский университет Комплутенсе</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO3 (2014)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№3 (2014)</issue-title><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Sociology</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Социология</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sociology</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Социология</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/6257">https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/6257</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">This paper pretends to demonstrate the complementary relations between three relatively recent sociological theories, each one of which explains a different aspect of the same social object: the origin, diffusion and change of social and cultural values, aiming at demonstrating that there is not such a thing as a sociological theory that explains all, but rather diverse theories that offer partial explanations of social reality. To that effect, and on the basis of the necessary relationship between theory and research, three different theories are evaluated separately: Hawley’s and Duncan’s theory of the social ecosystem, Galtung’s centre-periphery theory, and Inglehart’s theory of values’ change in modern-industrial societies, offering theoretical and empirical evidence of their complementary relations, based on Spanish and international data. Social ecosystem and centre-periphery theories show a high level of generalization (through space and time) and a high level of abstraction, though both can easily operationalize their main concepts through valid and reliable indicators. The theory of values’ change, however, though showing a high level of generalization, is limited in time to the historical period after World War II, and also shows a high level of abstraction. Centre-periphery theory and values’ change theory use individual and collective units of analysis, but social ecosystem theory only uses collective units, by definition. The three theories lead to the conclusion that ‘security’ values will gain a growing importance in present societies.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">В статье предпринимается попытка показать взаимоотношения трех сравнительно новых социологических теорий, каждая из которых объясняет особый аспект одного и того же - происхождение, распространение и изменение социальных и культурных ценностей. Автор полагает, что не существует некоей единой социологической теории, которая объясняет все, но, скорее, есть различные теории, каждая из которых описывает определенную часть социальной реальности. Учитывая взаимоотношения научной теории и научного исследования, автор обособленно рассматривает три концепции: теорию социальной экосистемы А. Холи и О. Дункана, теорию «центра-периферии» Й. Галтунга и теорию Р. Инглхарта об изменении ценностей в современных индустриальных обществах. Основываясь на данных, полученных испанскими и зарубежными исследователями, автор приводит теоретические и эмпирические свидетельства взаимодополняемости трех названных концепций. Теории социальной экосистемы и «центра-периферии» демонстрируют высокий уровень обобщений (по пространственно-временным параметрам) и столь же высокий уровень абстракции, хотя их основополагающие понятия могут быть легко операционализированы посредством валидных и надежных показателей. Теория изменения ценностей обеспечивает высокий уровень абстракции и обобщений, но ограничена во времени историческим периодом после Второй мировой войны. Теории «центра-периферии» и изменения ценностей обращаются к индивидуальным и коллективным единицам анализа, в то время как теория социальной экосистемы по определению имеет дело лишь с коллективными объектами. В совокупности данные три теории показывают, что ценности «безопасности» в современном обществе обретают все возрастающее значение.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>research methodology</kwd><kwd>social ecosystem</kwd><kwd>center and periphery</kwd><kwd>social values</kwd><kwd>cultural values</kwd><kwd>security</kwd><kwd>social structure</kwd><kwd>social change</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>методология социологического исследования</kwd><kwd>социальная экосистема</kwd><kwd>центр-периферия</kwd><kwd>социальные ценности</kwd><kwd>культурные ценности</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>социальная структура</kwd><kwd>социальные изменения</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Alexander J.C. et al. The Micro-Macro Link. Berkeley: The University of California Press, 1987.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Beckmann M.J. 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