<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Социология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2272</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8897</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumamba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6099</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The concept of “altruism” in sociology: From classical theories to practical oblivion</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Понятие «альтруизм» в социологии: от классических концепций к практическому забвению</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykov</surname><given-names>A V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быков</surname><given-names>Андрей Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Sociology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Департамент социологии</p></bio><email>a.bykov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University - Higher School of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет - Высшая школа экономики</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO1 (2015)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№1 (2015)</issue-title><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, Bykov</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, Социология</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bykov</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Социология</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/6099">https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/6099</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents a historical and theoretical analysis of the main conceptions of altruism in the classical sociological tradition. The author states that the idea of altruism and morality was crucial for theories of society developed by H. Spencer, E. Durkheim, and G. Simmel, and formed the basis of their social and ontological views. However, today the problem of altruistic behavior is quite marginal for sociologists have practically stopped using the term “altruism” (coined by the sociology’s “godfather” A. Comte) in theories and explanatory models, and the studies of altruism and altruistic behavior (more broadly - morality) have gradually “migrated” to other social and behavioral sciences that made, significant progress in explaining this phenomenon. The author argues that the dominant position of T. Parsons’s social system theory in sociology is one of the reasons for such a situation; he also critically analyzes the concept of “creative altruism” proposed by P. Sorokin. The contradiction between the crucial character of the idea of altruism in classical sociological theories and its almost total oblivion in today’s sociology is emphasized in the context of the “revival” of sociology of morality.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье представлен историко-теоретический анализ основных концепций альтруизма, характерных для классической социологической традиции. Проблематика альтруизма и морали занимала центральное место в теориях Г. Спенсера, Э. Дюркгейма и Г. Зиммеля, имея ключевое значение для их социально-онтологических воззрений. Тем не менее, сегодня данная проблематика фактически обрела в социологии статус маргинальной, поскольку социологи практически перестали использовать термин «альтруизм», изобретенный «крестным отцом» социологии О. Контом, в своих теориях и объяснительных моделях, в то время как исследования альтруизма и альтруистического поведения (и - шире - морали) постепенно «перекочевали» в смежные с социологией социальные и поведенческих науки, которые достигли значительных успехов в изучении данного явления. В качестве возможной причины сложившейся ситуации автор рассматривает доминантное положение системной теории Т. Парсонса; кроме того, в статье в критическом ключе анализируется концепция «креативного альтруизма», предложенная П. Сорокиным. Противоречие между ключевым характером проблемы альтруизма в концепциях классиков социологии и практически полным отсутствием внимания к ней среди современных социологов акцентируется в статье в контексте «возрождающейся» социологии морали.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>altruism</kwd><kwd>morality</kwd><kwd>E. Durkheim</kwd><kwd>H. Spencer</kwd><kwd>G. Simmel</kwd><kwd>sociology of morality</kwd><kwd>history of sociology</kwd><kwd>sociological theories</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>альтруизм</kwd><kwd>мораль</kwd><kwd>Э. Дюркгейм</kwd><kwd>Г. Спенсер</kwd><kwd>Г. Зиммель</kwd><kwd>социология морали</kwd><kwd>история социологии</kwd><kwd>социологические теории</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veber M. Izbrannye proizvedeniya. M., 1990.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вебер М. Избранные произведения. М., 1990.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gouldner A. Nastupayushchii krizis zapadnoi sotsiologii. SPb., 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гоулднер А. Наступающий кризис западной социологии. СПб., 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dyurkgeim E. O razdelenii obshchestvennogo truda / Per. s fr. A.B. Gofmana. M., 1996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дюркгейм Э. О разделении общественного труда / Пер. с фр. А.Б. Гофмана. М., 1996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dyurkgeim E. Samoubiistvo. Sotsiologicheskii etyud. M., 1994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дюркгейм Э. Самоубийство. Социологический этюд. М., 1994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zimmel' G. Izbrannoe. T. 2. Sozertsanie zhizni. M., 1996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зиммель Г. Избранное. Т. 2. Созерцание жизни. М., 1996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krotov P.P., Dolgov A.Yu. Ot voiny k miru: u istokov teorii sozidatel'nogo al'truizma Pitirima Sorokina. Syktyvkar, 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кротов П.П., Долгов А.Ю. От войны к миру: у истоков теории созидательного альтруизма Питирима Сорокина. Сыктывкар, 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sapov V.V. Integral'naya sotsiologiya P. Sorokina // Istoriya teoreticheskoi sotsiologii: v 4 t. / Sost. Yu.N. Davydov. M., 2002. T. 3. S. 140-150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сапов В.В. Интегральная социология П. Сорокина // История теоретической социологии: в 4 т. / Сост. Ю.Н. Давыдов. М., 2002. Т. 3. С. 140-150.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorokin P.A. Normativnaya li nauka etika i mozhet li ona eyu byt'? // Vestnik psikhologii, kriminal'noi antropologii i pedologii. 1913. № 4. S. 1-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сорокин П.А. Нормативная ли наука этика и может ли она ею быть? // Вестник психологии, криминальной антропологии и педологии. 1913. № 4. С. 1-28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spenser G. Izuchenie sotsiologii. Vospitanie umstvennoe, nravstvennoe i fizicheskoe. Minsk, 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Спенсер Г. Изучение социологии. Воспитание умственное, нравственное и физическое. Минск, 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Alexander J. Rethinking Durkheim’s intellectual development I: On ‘Marxism’ and anxiety of being misunderstood // International Sociology. 1986. № 1. P. 91-107.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Carneiro R.L. Herbert Spencer’s “The Study of Sociology” and the rise of social science in America // Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 1974. № 6. P. 540-554.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Comte A. System of Positive Polity. L., 1875.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Coser L. Masters of Sociological Thought. N.Y., 1977.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Durkheim E. Professional Ethics and Civic Morals. L., 2003.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Durkheim E. The Division of Labour in Society. L., 1984.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Durkheim E. On Morality and Society. Selected Writings. Chicago, 1973.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Emile Durkheim. Sociologist and Moralist / Ed. by S.P. Turner. N.Y., 2005.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Garfinkel H. Studies in Ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1967.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Hitlin S., Vaisey S. The new sociology of morality // Annual Review of Sociology. 2013. № 39. P. 51-68.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Hitlin S., Vaisey S. Back to the future. Reviving the sociology of morality // Handbook of the Sociology of Morality / Ed. by S. Hitlin, S. Vaisey. N.Y., 2010. P. 3-14.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Johnston B. Pitirim A. Sorokin (1889-1968): Pioneer and Pariah // International Sociology. 1996. № 11. P. 229-238.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Ponomareva I. Pitirim A. Sorokin: The interconnection between his life and scientific work // International Sociology. 2011. № 26. P. 878-904.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Parsons T. The social System. L., 1991.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Parsons T. The Structure of Social Action. L., 1966.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Pickering M. Auguste Comte. An Intellectual Biography. Vol. III. N.Y., 2009.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Simmel G. The Sociology of Georg Simmel / Ed. by K.H. Wolf. Glencoe, Illinois, 1950.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Simmel G. The Philosophy of Money. L., 2004.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Sorokin P. The Ways and Power of Love. Chicago, 1967.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Spencer H. The Principles of Ethics. Vol. 1. N.Y., 1896.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>The Palgrave Handbook of Altruism, Morality, and Social Solidarity. Formulating a Field of Study / Ed. by V. Jeffries. N.Y., 2014.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Toward a General Theory of Action / Ed. by T. Parsons, E.A. Shields. Cambridge, 1962.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Wuthnow R. Altruism and sociological theory // Social Science Review. 1993. № 67. P. 344-357.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
